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DICTIONARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CARTOGRAPHY, AND REMOTE SENSING

Source: ifrance.com

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A Return to Index

UTM

- Universal Transverse Mercator

AACCCM: Anglo-American Cataloguing Committee for Cartographic Materials
AAES: American Assn. of Engineering Societies
AAG: Assn. of American Geographers
AAGS: American Assn. for Geodetic Surveying
AAG: Assn. of American Geographers
AAPG: American Assn. of Petroleum Geologists
AARLS: Arkansas Assn. of Registered Land Surveyors
AARS: Asian Assn. on Remote Sensing
AASG: American Assn. of State Geologists
AASP: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists
ABAG: Assn. of Bay Area Governments (California)
ABET: Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
ABS: Australian Bureau of Statistics
ABSM: Alberta Bureau of Surveying and Mapping
Abzw: Abzweigstelle
AC: Aerospace Center; Air Corps; American Cartographer (journal)
ACA: American Cartographic Assn.; American Conservation Assn.; Automovil Club Argentino; Aerial Cartographics of America (Firm)
ACACC: Assn. des cartothèques et archives cartographiques du Canada = Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives
ACAPS: Automated Chart Production System (C&GS)
ACC: Assn. des cartothèques et archives du Canada = Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives; Academia de Ciencias de Cuba
AC&C: Office of Aeronautical Charting and Cartography (U.S.)
AccuDEM: High-accuracy DEM
Accu-DRAPE: High-accuracy DEM Draped Images
ACDDS: Advanced Cartographic Data Digitizing System
ACE: Advanced Cartographic Equipment; Advanced Cartographic Environment (PCI Carto Inc.)
ACEC: American Consulting Engineers Council
ACG: Address Coding Guides
ACI: Assn. Cartographique Internationale = International Cartographic Assn.
ACIC: Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (U.S.); Automated Cartographic Information Center (Univ. of Minnesota Library)
ACLS: Assn. of Canadian Land Surveyors
ACM: Assn. of Computing Machinery
ACMGIS: Assn. of Computing Machinery Geographic Information Systems
ACML: Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries
ACMLA: Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives
ACMS: Automated Census Mapping System
ACM- SIGGRAPH: Assn. of Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Graphics
ACRES: Australian Centre for Remote Sensing
ACRS: Asian Conference on Remote Sensing
ACS: Advanced Cartographic Systems; Agricultural Cooperative Service; Automated Cartographic Systems; Automatic chemical sprinklers; Attitude Control Subsystem (Landsat); American Community Survey (USBC)
ACSAD: Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands
ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
ACSTTO: Assn. of Certified Survey Technicians and Technologists of Ontario
ACT: Administration du Cadastre et de la Topographie (Luxembourg); Australian Capital Territory
AD: Administrative Division (USGS); Aeronautical data
A/D: Analog to digital
ADAR: Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration
ADC: Alexandria Drafting Company; American Digital Cartography Inc.; Aeronautical Charting Division (C&GS)
ADDA: American Design Drafting Assn.
ADE: AutoCAD Data Extension
ADEO: Advanced Earth Observing Satellite
ADF: Application Development Facility (GeoVision Corp.)
ADI: Areas of Dominent Influence (USBC TIGER)
ADK: Arealdatakontoret (Denmark)
ADL: Alexandria Digital Library
ADM1: First-order administrative division
ADM2: Second-order administrative division
ADNR: Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources
ADOT: Arizona Dept. of Transportation
ADOTPF: Alaska Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities
ADP: Automated data aprocessing
ADPDP: Alaska Division of Policy Development and Planning
ADR: Aerial Data Reduction Associates Inc.
ADRG: ARC-digitized raster graphics (USDMA)
ADRGs: Arc digitized raster graphics(USDMA)
ADSL: Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADT: Advanced Data Technologies, Inc.; Abstract Data Type
AdV: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Lander der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
ADW: Agricultural drainage well
ADWR: Arizona Dept. of Water Resources
A/E: Architectural/engineering
A&E: Architect and Engineering
AEC: Architecture, engineering and construction
AED: Analysis and Evaluation Div.
AEF: Alliance for Environmental Education
AEG: Association of Engineering Geologists
AEI: Aerial Exposure Index
AEIDC: Arctic Environmental Information Data Center
AEM: Atmospheric Explorer Mission
AERS: Advanced Earth Resources Satellite
AES: Analysis and Evaluation Staff
AESE: Association of Earth Science Editors
AFA: American Forestry Assn.; Automatic fire alarm
AFI: American Forest Inst.
AfRL: Akademie fur Raumforschung und Landesplanung (Germany)
AGC: Assn. Geologique du Canada; Arkansas Geological Commission
ACGO: Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Office
AGDS: Automated Graphics Digitizing System
AGI: American Geological Inst.; Assn. for Geographic Information (London); Analytical Graphics, Inc.
AGIC: Arizona Geographic Information Council
AGIS: Automated Geographic Information System
AgRI- STARS: Agriculture and Resources Inventory Surveys through Aerospace Remote Sensing
AGS: American Geographical Society; Alberta Geological Survey
AGSO: Australian Geological Survey Organisation
AGSS: American Geographical and Statistical Society
AGU: American Geophysical Union
AHAP: Alaska High-altitude Aerial Photography (program)
AHCPR: U.S. Agency for Health Care and Policy Research
AHDAS: Adaptable Hydrologic Data Acquisition System
AHRS: Attitude and Heading Reference System
AHS: Automated Highway System
AI: Artificial intelligence; Appraisal Inst.
AIA: American Inst. of Architects
AI/ANA: American Indian/Alaska Native Area
AIC: Australian Institute of Cartographers
AICP: American Inst. of Certified Planners
AID: Agency for International Development; Aeronautical information data
AIH: American Inst. of Hydrology
AILESP: American Indian Lands Environmental Support Project
AIMS: Airborne Integrated Mapping System
AIPG: American Inst. of Professional Geologists
AIR: American Indian reservation
AIREA: American Inst. of Real Estate Appraisers
AIRS: Atmospheric infrared sounder
AISH: Assn. Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques = International Assn. of Hydrological Sciences
ALAE: Atmospheric LymanAlpha Emissions
ALARS: Alaska Land and Resources System
ALIS: Automated Land Information System (TVA)
ALMRS: Automated Land and Mineral Record System (BLM)
ALOHA: Aerial Locations of hazardous Atmospheres (model)
ALP: Automated Lands Project
Alt.: Altitude
ALTA: American Land Title Assn.
AMAD: Airborne Missions and Applications Division (NASA-Ames Research Center)
AMAP: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program
AMC: Assn. Mineralogique du Canada
AME: Aero-Metric Engineering Inc.
AM/FM: Automated mapping/facilities management
AMG: Australian Map Grid
AMI: Applied Mapping Inc.
AMIE: Airglow Measurements of Infrared Measurements Emissions
AMIS: Aviation Management Information System
AMISAR: Active Microwave ImagerSynthetic Aperture Radar
AML: ARC Macro Language
AMPS: Automatic Mapping and Planning System
AMS: Army Map Service; American Meteorological Society; Attitude Measurement Sensor; Automated Mapping System
AMSD: Adjusted Mapping Support Data
AMSR: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
ANARE: Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
ANMS: Automated Notice to Mariners System
ANOVA: Analyses of variance
ANRC: Alaska Native Regional Corp.
ANSI: American National Standards Inst.
ANV: Alaska Native village
ANVSA: Alaska Native village statistical area
ANZLIC: Australia New Zealand Land Information Council
AO: Area of Operations
AODC: Australian Oceanographic Data Centre
AOIPS: Atmospheric and Oceanographic Image Processing System
AOL: America On Line
AOLS: Assn. of Ontario Land Surveyors
AOML: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
AOO: American Oceanographic Organization
AOSS: Ashtech Office Suite for Survey
AP: Analytical Plotter
APA: American Planning Assn.
APCA: Air Pollution Control Assn.
APCM: Aerial Photography Contract Management System
APEGGA: Assn. of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta
APFO: Aerial Photography Field Office (USDA)
API: American Petroleum Inst.; Application programming interface
APIS: Aerial Photography Information System
APMI: Aerial Photography Micrographic Index System (USGS)
Apo.: Apogee
APPSR: Aerial Photography Progress Summary Report
APQF: Aerial Photography Quad File
APR: Airborne Profile Recorder
APSR: Aerial Photography Summary Record
APSRS: Aerial Photography Summary Record System (USGS)
APT: Automatic picture transmission
APTS: Aerial Profiling of Terrain System
APWA: American Public Works Assn.
APWWA: American Public Water Works Assn.
ARA: Address Register Area; Algemeen Rijksarchief (Netherlands)
ARAMCO: Arabian American Oil Company
Arb.: Arbeiter
ARC: Ames Research Center (NASA); Appalachian Regional Commission
ARCC: American Rivers Conservation Council
ArcFM: Arc Facilities Manager (ESRI)
Arch.: Architect; Architecture
ARG: American Resources Group
ARIS: Alabama Resource Information System; Arizona Resources Information System
ARM: Administracion de Recursos Minerales (Panama); Airborne Remote Mapping
ARMIS: Arkansas Resource Management Information System
Arr.: Arrondissement
ARRSTC: Asian Regional Remote Sensing Training Centre
ARS: Agricultural Research Service
ARSC: Australian Remote Sensing Conference
ARSP: Applied Remote Sensing Program (Univ. of Arizona)
Artil.: Artillery
ARZ: AutoRestricted Zone
AS: Anti-spoofing; Area source; automatic sprinklers
A-S: Anti-spoofing
ASA: American Standards Assn.
ASAP: Advanced Scientific Array Processor; Agricultural Sciences Advisory Panel
ASB. CL.: Asbestos-covered frame building
ASC: American Society of Cartographers
ASCE: American Society of Civil Engineers
ASCF: Ames Satellite Communications Facility
ASCIE: American Standard Code for Information Exchange
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCLA: Assn. of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ALA)
ASCP: America Society of Consulting Planners
ASCS: Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (USDA)
ASEE: American Society for Engineering Education
ASFE: Assn. of Soil and Foundation Engineers
ASFPM: Assn. of State Floodplain Managers
ASGA: Assn. des Services Geologiques Africains
ASHTD: American Assn. of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ASI: Analytical Surveys, Inc.
ASLA: American Society of Landscape Architects
ASLO: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
ASO: Australian Survey Office
ASP: American Society of Photogrammetry
ASPLS: Alabama Society of Professional Land Surveyors; Alaska Society of Professional Land Surveyors
ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ASPS: Arkansas Society of Professional Surveyors
ASRL: Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
Ass.: Association
Assn.: Association
AST: Atlantic Standard Time
ASTM: American Society for Testing Materials
AT: Aero-Triangulation
ATC: Air Target Chart; Advance Technology Corp.
ATID: Attribute ID
ATKIS: Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssystem
ATM: Adaptive triangular mesh
ATR1: Automatic Target Recognition module (Leica)
ATS: Advanced Technology Satellite; Applications Technology Satellite; Automated Technical Systems (Firm)
AU: Astronomical unit
AURISA: Australasian Urban and Regional Information Systems Assn.
AUSDEC: Australasian Data Exchange Centre
AUSLIG: Australian Surveying and Land Information Group
Av.: Avenue
AV: Audio-visual
AVCA: Audio-visual and Cartographic Archives Div., National Archives of Canada
Ave.: Avenue
AVHRR: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
AVIRIS: Advanced Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer
AVL: Automatic Vehicle Location
AVNIR: Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer
AVO: Audio/visual object
AVRI: Arizona Vegetation Resource Inventory
AVS: Application Visualization System (Visual Systems, Inc.)
AWAR: Area weighted average resolution
AWG: Association for Women Geoscientists
AWIPS: Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System
AWMSAS: ArcView Marine Spill Analysis System
AWRA: American Water Resources Assn.
AWS: Air Weather Service
AWWA: American Water Works Assn.
AZ: Arizona
A.Z.: Alexander Zakreski
AzMAP: Arizona Mapping Advisory Council

B Return to Index

B	Bulletin
B&L	Boggs and Lewis
BA	Booksellers Assn. of Great Britain & Ireland
BAAMA	Bay Area Automated Mapping Assn.
BADGER	Bay Area Digital GeoResource
BAKOSUR- TANAL	Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional (Indonesia) = National Coordination Agency for Surveying and Mapping (Indonesia)
Banobras	Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Publicos (Mexico)
BAOR	British Army of the Rhine
BARCIS	BARCode Information System
BARD	San Francisco Bay Area Regional Database
BARP	Bundesamt fur Raumplanung (Switzerland)
BART	Bay Area Rapid Transit District (California)
BAS	British Antarctic Survey
BASIC	Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code; Bay Area Shared Information Consortium
BASINS	Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Systems (USEPA)
BB	Band-by-band; Blattbereich
BBS	Bulletin board system
BC	Ballistic camera; Bureau of the Census (U.S.)
BCDC	Bay Conservation and Development Commission
BCGS	Board of Coast and Geodetic Survey (Philippines)
BCH	Beach
BDET	Bengston, DeBell, Elkin & Titus Ltd.
BDG	Bridge
Bdy	Boundary
BE	Brick enclosed elevator
BEA	Bernhard, Eisenbraun and Associates
B.E.F.	British Expeditionary Force
BEG	Bureau of Economic Geology (Texas)
BEICIP	Bureau d'Etudes Industrielles et de Cooperation de l'Institut Francais du Petrole
bes.	besonders
Betrbf	Betriebsbahnhof
BETS	Brunson Electronic Triangulation System
BEV	Bundesamt fur Eich- und Vermessungswesen (Austria)
BfGR	Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Germany)
BfLR	Bundesanstalt fur Landeskunde und Raumentwicklung (Germany)
BG	Block group
BGC	Business Geographics Conference
BGHT	Bight
BGN	Board on Geographic Names (U.S.)
BGS	British Geological Survey
Bgw.	Bergwerk = mine
Bhf.	Bahnhof = Railway station
BHS	Boston Harbor Software, Inc.
BIA	Bureau of Indian Affairs (U.S.)
BICI	Book item contribution identifier
BIL	Band Interleaved by Line
BIOMAPS	Biodiversity Mapping for Protection and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
BIOTROP	Regional Center for Tropical Biology (Indonesia)
BIP	Band Interleaved by Pixel
Bl.	Boulevard
BLDG	Building
BLG	Binary line generalization
BLM	Bureau of Land Management (U.S.)
BLOB	Binary large object
BLPU	Basic land and property unit
BLS	Bahamas Lands and Surveys Dept.
BLT	Bundesamt fur Landestopographie (Switzerland)
BLVA	Bayerisches Landesvermessungsamt
Blvd.	Boulevard
BM	Bench mark; Bureau of Mines
BMA	Botswana Ministry of Agriculture
BMDO	Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (U.S.)
BMG	Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (Philippines)
.BMP	Bitmapped image format (Microsoft Corp.)
BMR	Bureau of Mineral Resources (Australia, Papua New Guinea)
BN	Biblioth`eque Nationale
BNA	Block numbering area
BND	Stream bend
BNPC	Bathymetric navigation planning chart
BNPD	Bivariate Normal Probability Density
BOA	Building omission area
BOC	Bureau of the Census
BOFRS	Books and Open-File Report Section (USGS)
BOLS	BADGER On-line Service
BOM	Bureau of Mines
BOP	Bureau of Printing
BOR	Bureau of Reclamation
BOREAS	Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study
BORPELS	Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (Calif.)
BOSS	Behavior of Offshore Structures, Conference on
BP	Boundary marker (USDMA)
BPA	Bonneville Power Administration
BPI	Bits per Inch
BPPT	Badan Pembinaan dan Penerapan Teknologi (Indonesia)
BPR	Bureau of Public Roads
BPS	Bits per Second
BR	Bureau of Reclamation
br.	breit
Br.	Breite
Brck.	Brucke = bridge
BRFD	Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
BRICMICS	British and Irish Committee for Map Information and Catalogue Systems
BRGM	Bureau de recherches geologique et minieres (France)
BRS	Bibliographic Retrieval Service
BS	Bureau of Statistics (Japan)
BSC	Boston Survey Consultants
BSE	Base flood elevation
BSNH	Headwater basin
BSQ	Band Sequential
BSU	Base Spatial Unit
BT	Base Topo
BTA	Basic Trading Areas (FCC)
BTS	Bureau of Transportation Statistics
BUPNIS	Beijing Underground-Network Information System
BUTE	Butte
BVG	Berliner Verkehrs Gesellschaft
BVU	Brightness Value Unit
B/W	Black and white
BWC	Bandwidth Compression
BWE	Bandwidth Expansion

C Return to Index

C	Cartography; Celsius (degrees)
ca.	Circa
CA	California
C., A.	Antonio Castro
C/A	Coarse-Acquisition (code)
CAA	Civil Aeronautics Administration (U.S.); Civil Aviation Authority (Great Britain)
CAAD	Cartographic and Architectural Archives Div., National Archives of Canada
CAC	Center for Advanced Computation (Univ. of Illinois); Compressed Aeronautical Chart (U.S. government)
CACS	Canadian Active Control System
CAD	Computer-aided drafting; Computer assisted design
CADD	Computer-aided design and drafting
CADMAP	Computer-aided drafting, mapping, and photogrammetry
CAFF	Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
CAFM	Computer-aided facility management
CaGIS	Cartography and Geographic Information Science (journal)); Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (journal)
CAGIS	Cartography and Geographic Information Society
CALMIT	Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln)
CALS	Connecticut Assn. of Land Surveyors; Computer-aided acquisition and logistic support; Computer Assisted Land Survey System (SPDK)
CALTRANS	California Dept. of Transportation
CAM	Computer aided mapping
CAMEO	Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations System (U.S.)
CAMFER	Center for the Assessment & Monitoring of Forest & Environmental Resources (Univ. of Calif., Berkeley)
CAP	Cooperative Agreements Program (FGDC)
CAPDU	Canadian Assn. of Public Data Users
CAR	Curriculum, Accreditation and Registration Committee (ACSM); Central African Republic
CARES	Center for Agricultural, Resource, and Environmental Systems (Univ. of Missouri)
CARS	Computer-Assisted Reproduction; Center for Applications of Remote Sensing (Oklahoma State Univ.)
CASA	Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (Univ. College, London)
CASE	Computer-Aided Software Engineering
CAT	Computer Assisted Thermography
CATS	Consequences Assessment Tool Set (FEMA)
CAVA	Cartographic and Audio-Visual Archives Div. = Div. des archives cartographiques et audio-visuelles (DACA), National Archives of Canada
CB	Column builder
C.B.	Hollow concrete or cement block construction
CBD	Central business district
CBEP	Community-Based Environmental Protection (USEPA program)
CBET	Concrete block enclosed elevator
CBI	China Burma India Theatre of Operations (WW II)
CBL	Centraal Bureau Luchtkartering (Suriname); Calibration base line
cbm	Kubikmeter (cubic meter)
CBN	Cooperative Base Network
CBP	Chesapeake Bay Project
C. BR	Concrete, lime, cinder or cement brick
CBS	Community Base Station
CBWE	Corn Blight Watch Experiment
CC	Cartographic Catalog
CCA	Canadian Cartographic Assn.
CCAP	Competative Cooperative Agreements Program (U.S.)
CCBCCM	Canadian Committee for the Bibliographic Control of Cartographic Materials
CCC	Canadian Committee on Cataloging
CCCELS	California Council of Civil Engineers and Land Surveyors
CCD	Census county division; Computer Center Div. (USGS); Charged couple device
CCELC	Canada Committee on Ecological Land Classification
CCGE	Canadian Council on Geographic Education
CCGM	Center for Computing Graphics (Delft Univ. of Technology)
CCIG	Centre canadien d'information sur la geoscience
CCID	Chain component ID
CCISA	Congress of Cartographic Information Specialist Associations
CCITT	International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CCLS	Canadian Council of Land Surveyors
CCNS4	Computer Controlled Navigation System (E. Coyote Enterprises, Inc.)
CCRS	Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
CCT	Computer Compatible Tape; Centro de Ciencia Tropical
CCM	Canada Centre for Mapping
CD	Compact disc; Conservation Div. (USGS)
CDA	Colorado Dept. of Agriculture
CDC	California Dept. of Conservation; Control Data Corporation
CD-CINC	CD-ROM Consistent Interface Committee (U.S.)
CDED	Canadian Digital Elevation Data
CDF	Cumulative distribution function; California Dept. of Forestry
CDFG	California Dept. of Fish and Game
CDH	Communications and data handling
CDMG	California Div. of Mines and Geology
CDN	Coordinates, definitions and notations
CDOW	Colorado Division of Wildlife
CDOWG	CD-ROM Data Origination Working Group (U.S.)
CDP	Cartographer Development Program; Census designated place; Colorado Division of Planning
.CDR	CorelDraw format
CD-R	Compact disk-recordable
CD-ROM	Compact disk-read only memory
CDT	Computer display terminal; Central Daylight Time; Constrained Delaunay triangulation
CDTED	Compressed digital terrain elevation data
CDV	Cartographic data visualizer
CD-W	Compact disk-- re-writable
CDWR	California Dept. of Water Resources
CE	Corps of Engineers
C.E.	Civil Engineer
CEAL	Centro Editor de America Latina
CEBAF	Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility
CECSVB	Comit pour l'Etablissement de la Carte des Sols et de la Vegetation de la Belgique
CECW	Consulting Engineers Council of Washington
CEDAC	Comprehensive Economic Data Atlas of China
CEDD	Committee on the Exchange of Digital Data
CEE	Comite Estatal de Estadisticas (Cuba)
CEGET	Centre d'Etudes de Geographie Tropical (Bordeaux)
CELSOC	Consulting Engineers and Land Surveyors of California
Cem.	Cemetery
CEMA	Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Assn.
CEN	Comite europeen de normalization electronique
CENREN	Centro de Recursos Naturales (El Salvador)
CENTA	Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (El Salvador)
CEO	European Centre for Earth Observation
CEP	Celestial Ephemeris Pole
CERCO	Comite Europeen de Responsibles de la Cartographie Officielle
CERD	Catalog of Environmental Resource Data
CERES	California Environmental Resource Evaluation System
CERCG	Centre d'Etudes et de Realisations Cartographiques Geographiques (France)
CERR	Centre d'Ecologie des Ressources Renouvelables (France)
CES	Committee on Earth Sciences
CET	Commission on Education and Training (IGA)
CETENAL	Comision de Estudios del Territorio Nacional (Mexico)
CEU	Continuing education unit
CFCC	Census Feature Class Code
CFF	Cartographic Feature File
C.G.	Coast Guard
CGA	Color Graphics Adaptor
CGC	Commission geologique du Canada
CGDB	Central Geographic Data Base
CGDI	Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure
CGI	Computer Graphics Interface; Common gateway interface
CGIC	Canadian Geoscience Information Centre
CGIS	Center for GIS (Qatar)
.CGM	Computer graphics metafile
CGMW	Commission for the Geological Map of the World
CGNHS	Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey
CGPM	Conference General des Poids et Mesures
C&GS	Coast and Geodetic Survey (U.S.)
CGS	Civil GPS Service; Coast and Geodetic Survey (U.S.); Colorado Geological Survey
CGSICO	Civil GPS Service Interface Committee
CGU	Canadian Geophysical Union
CGW	Computer Graphics World (journal)
CH	Chief Hydrologist; Church; Chapel
CHEEC	Center for the Health Effects of Environmental Contamination (Univ. of Iowa)
CHIA	Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment
CHNM	Marine channel
CHS	Canadian Hydrographic Service
CI	Compass and inclinometer
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.)
CIAF	Centro de Investigaciones en Percepcion Remota
CIAS	CD-ROM Index Architecture Specification Working Group (U.S.)
CIACER	Centro de Investigacion y Aplicacion de Sensores Remotos (Bolivia)
CIB	Controlled image base
CIBESA	Cartografica Iberica S.A.
CICAEDAS	Committee Investigating Cartographic Entity, Definitions, and Standards
CIDAMM	Centro de Informacion y Documentacion del Area Metropolitana de Madrid
CIE	Iompair Eireann Coras; Classified image editor
CIESIN	Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network
CIG	Canadian Inst. of Geomatics; Climate Interest Group; Centro de Investigaciones Geotecnicas (El Salvador)
CIGF	Centre d'Information Geographique et Fonci`ere Ministre de l'Energie et des Ressources, Quebec)
CIGNET	Cooperative International GPS Network
CIKM	Conference on Information Knowledge Management
CIM	Collection insertion map; Council on Information Management (Virginia)
CINDI	Center for Integration of Natural Disaster Information (USGS)
CIO	Central Imagery Office (U.S.)
CIP	Contour Interpolation Program; Canadian Institute of Planners
CIR	Color infrared
CIRSS	California Integrated Remote Sensing System
CIS	Canadian Inst. of Surveying; Color Imaging Systems (Barneyscan Corp.)
CISD	Cook Islands Dept. of Survey
CISIG	Geographic Information Systems Interest Group
CISM	Canadian Inst. of Surveying and Mapping
CIST	Centre d'information sur les sciences de la Terre (Canada)
CITYG	City Graphic
CIU	Central Interpretation Unit (Royal Air Force, Great Britain)
CK-PL	Check plotter
CLD	Center line data
CLDB	Common Land Data Base
CLDS	Canada Land Data System(s)
CLI	Canada Land Inventory
CLID	Class identifier
CLIRSEN	Remote Sensing Center (Ecuador)
Clk.	Clerk
CLL	Corrected line length
CLOMA	Confidential letters of map amendment
CLS	Canada Land Surveyor
CLSA	California Land Surveyors Assn.
CLUMP	Canada Land Use Monitoring Program
cm	Centemeter
CM	Cartographic material; Configuration management
CMA	Census Metropolitan Area (Statistics Canada); Central Mapping Agency (New South Wales)
CMD	Current meter digitizer; Command
CMI	Corvallis Microtechnology Inc.
CMIB	Controlled multispectral image base
CMO	Canada Map Office
CMOTS	Cartographic Material Order and Tracking System (USGS)
CMP	Coastal Mapping Program; Camp
CMS	California Map Society; Clay Minerals Society
CMSA	Consolidated metropolitan statistical area
CMSDU	Commission on Map Use and Spatial Data Use (ICA)
CMSM	Committee on Marine Surveying and Mapping
CMT	Corvallis Microtechnology Inc.
C&MT	Communication & Measurement Technologies Ltd.
CMYK	Cyan-magenta-yellow-black
CNA	Comiss~ao Nacional do Ambiente (Portugal)
CNES	Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France)
CNEXO	Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans (France)
CNFL	Confluence
CNI	Coalition for Networked Information
CNIG	Centro Nacional de Informac~ao Geografica = Portuguese National Center for Geographic Information
CNR	Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (Italy)
CNRA	Commission on National and Regional Atlases (ICA)
CNRG	Centre National de Recherches Geomorphologiques (Belgium)
CNROA	Centro Nacional de Reconhecimento e Ordenamento Agrario (Portugal)
CNRS	Centre National de Recherches Scientifique (France)
CNRST	Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (Burkina Faso)
CNSTAT	Committee on National Statistics (U.S.)
Co.	Company; County
CO	Cartometric operations; Colorado
COBOL	Common Business Oriented Language
COBRIG	Council of British Geography
COE	Corps of Engineers
COEB	Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography Branch (US NOS)
COFPAES	Committee on the Federal Procurement of Architect and Engineer Services
COFRS	Chinese Operational Earth Resources Satellite
COG	Council of Governments
COGO	Coordinate geometry
C.O.I.	Office of Coordinator of Information (U.S.)
col.	Color; colored
Col.	Colonel
COL	Agricultural colony
COLD	Computer Output to Laser (optical) Disc
Com.	Committee; Commission; Commodore
COM	Component Object Model (Microsoft)
COMAP	Continuous area pattern mapping
Comdg.	Commanding
COMIS	Cartographic Operations Management Information System
COMPAS	Coastal Ocean Management, Planning and AssessmentSystem
COMSAT	Communications Satellite (corp.)
CONC.	Concrete or reinforced concrete construction
Cong.	Congress
CONRIM	Committee on Natural Resource Information Management(Alaska)
CONUS	Continental United States
COP/BOP	City of Portland Bureau of Planning
CORBA	Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Corp.	Corporal; Corporation
CORS	Continuously operated reference station(s); Continuously operating GPS reference stations
CORSE	Conference on Remote Sensing Education
COS	Central Office of Statistics (Malta)
COSMIC	Computer Software Management and Information Center
COSML	Committee on Southern Map Libraries
COSPAR	Committee on Space Research
COTS	Commercial-of-the-shelf
COVIS	Commonwealth of Virginia Information Systems
CP	Cartographic Perspectives (journal); color printer
CPFS	Colorado Plateau Field Station (USGS)
CPH	Cartographic Publishing House (China)
CPID	Composite ID
CPLAR	Community Perspectives on Land and Agrarian Reform (South Africa)
CPS	Characters per second; Contour plotting system; Cartographic production system
CPU	Central processing unit
CR	Central Region; Coordinate reader
CRADA	Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (U.S)
CRAG	Columbia Region Association of Governments
CRAIGES	Cartographic Reproduction and Interactive Graphic Editing System
CRBT	Centre de Recherches Biologiques Tropicales (Algeria)
CRESP	Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (U.S.)
CRG	Centre de Recherche en Geomatique (Universite Laval)
CRIB	Computerized Resources Information Bank
CRISTA	Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere
CRKT	Tidal creek
CRL	Cartographic research laboratory
CRN	Canadian Road Network
CRPD	City Real Property Database
CRREL	Cold Region Research and Engineering Laboratories
CRTR	Crater
CRSC	California Remote Sensing Council
CRSS	Canadian Remote Sensing Society
CRT	Cathode ray tube
CS	Color scanner; Cubic splines
CSAA	California State Automobile Association
CSAC	Census Statistical Area Committee (U.S.)
CSAV	Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
CSC	Computer Sciences Corporation; Commercial Space Center (NASA)
CSDGM	Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
CSFS	Colorado State Forest Service
CSG	Cartography Special Group, Assn. of American Geographers; Council of State Governments
CSIN	Computer Systems Information Network
CSIP	Continental Scale International Project
CSIR	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
CSIRO	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia)
CSIC	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
CSML	Committee on Southern Map Libraries
CSOC	Consolidated Space Operations Center
CSP	Conformal Space projection
CSPA	Council of State Planning Agencies
CSPG	Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists
CSRS	Canadian Spatial Reference System
CST	Central Standard Time; Chicago Steel Tape Co.; Coast; Certified Survey Technician
Ct.	Court
CT	Census tract
CTC	Cartoteca de Catalunya
CTCUQ	Commission de transport de la Communaute urbaine de Quebec
CTD	Chief, Topographic Division; Conductivity-temperature-depth
CTI	Critical Technologies Inst. (RAND Corp.)
CTL	Cartographic Technology Lab.
CTOG	Contour to Grid
CTS	Communications Technology Satellite (Canadian); Conventional terrestrial system
CUAC	Cartographic Users Advisory Council (U.S.)
CUET	Cuesta
CUGiK	Centralny Urzad Geodezji i Kartografii (Poland)
CUR	Council on Undergraduate Research
CUSEC	Central United States Earthquake Consortium
CUSMAP	Conterminous United States Minerals Assessment Plan
CWRA	Canadian Water Resources Program
CWS	Cartographic workstation
CYP	Cape York Peninsula
CYPLUS	Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy
CZCS	Coastal Zone Color Scanner
CZM	Coastal Zone Management (U.S. federal act of 1972)

D Return to Index

D	Dwelling
DA	Data Acquisition; Dept. of the Army
D/A	Digital to Analog (converter)
DAAC	Div. des archives audiovisuelles et cartographiques, Archives nationales du Canada
DAAS	Defense Automatic Addressing System (USDMA)
DAASC	Defense Automated Addressing System Center (USDMA)
DAC	Digital-to-Analog Converter
DACA	Div. des archives cartographiques et audio-visuelles, Archives nationales du Canada
DACH	Deputy Assistant Chief Hydrologist
DADS	Digital Assisted Data Base System
DAG	Directorate of Geographic Affairs (Lebanon)
DAL	Data Analysis Laboratory
DAM	Detection and mapping
DAMES	Defense Automated Message Exchange Service (USDMA)
DANE	Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadstica (Colombia)
DARDC	Device for Automatic Remote Data Collection
DARO	Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office (U.S.)
DARPA	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.)
DAS	Delaware Assn. of Surveyors
DA&SM	Data Acquisitions & Systems Maintenance
DAT	Digital audio tape
DATIS	Digital Airborne Topographic Imaging System
DATPE	Direction de l'Amernagement du Territoire et de la Protection de l'Environnement (Haiti)
D.A.V.	Deutscher Alpenverein
DB	Data base
DBB	Deutsche Bundesbahn
DBDB	Digital Bathymetry Data Base (U.S. government)
DBH	Diameter at breast height
DBMS	Database management system
DBPPWG	Data Base Population Planning Working Group
DBPWG	Data Base Population Working Group
DBR	Dienst Bodemkartering (Suriname)
DBS	Data Base Specifications; Direct broadcast satellites
DC	District Chief; District of Columbia; Div. Chief
D.C.	District of Columbia
DCA	Dept. of Community Affairs (Montana)
DC&A	Data Collection and Analysis
DCASS	Digital Cartographic Software System
DCDB	Digital Cartographic Data Base
DCDSTF	Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force (U.S.)
DCE	Data Communication Equipment; Distributed Computing Environment
DCF	Digital Cartographic File
DCHUM	Digital Chart Update Manual (USDMA)
DCI	Differential Corrections, Inc.; Director of Central Intelligence
DCN	Direccion de Cartografia Nacional (Venezuela); Document control number
DCP	Dept. of city planning; Digital Cartographic Production; Data collection platform
DCPS	Digital Cartographic Production Segment
DCR	Design Concept Review
DCS	Digital Cartography Section; Digital color separate; Directorate of Colonial Surveys (U.K.); Data collection system
DCSE	Diba Consulting Software Engineers
DCS/RSE	Data collection system receiving site equipment
DCST	Data collection system tape
DCT	Direction Topographique et du Cadastre (Congo)
DCW	Digital Chart of the World (USDMA)
DD	Data dictionary; Dewey Decimal
DDA	Data descriptive area
DDAC	Deutscher Automobil-Club
DDC	Dewey Decimal classification; Digital data conversion
DDCMP	Digital Data Communication Message Protocol
DDES	Digital Data Editing System
DDF	Data descriptive file
DDI	Design Data Inc.
DDIS	Depository Distribution Information System (USGPO)
DDM	Documents Data Miner
DDN	Defense Data Network
DDPO	Defense Dissemination Program Office (U.S.)
DDPS	Desktop Digital Photogrammetry System (3D Mapper Pty. Ltd.)
DDR	Data descriptive record
DDS	Digital Data Storage
DE	Data extraction
dec.	Declination
DEC	Digital Equipment Corp.
DED	Data Element Dictionary
DE-DEM	Drainage-Enforced DEM
del.	Delineation; delineator
delt.	Delineator
DEM	Digital Elevation Model; Digital elevation matrix
DEM-G	Digital Elevation Model--Graphic (coordinates)
DEM-P	Digital Elevation Model--Planar (coordinates)
DEMR	Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
DEMVFY	Digital Elevation Model Verify (verification software)
Dep.	Deputy; Departement
DEP	Dept. of Environmental Protection
Dept.	Department
DES	Digital Editing Station
DE/S	Data Extraction Segment
DESI	Diversified Energy Services, Inc.
DFAD	Digital Feature Analysis Data (U.S. government)
DFC	Digital Futures Coalition
DFG	Dept. of Fish and Game
DFLIP	Digital Flight Information Publication
DFW	Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
DGC	Direct Geodetic Constraint (software)
DGCM	Direct Geodetic Constraint Method
DGDF	Digital Geospatial Data Files
DGEC	Direccion General de Estadistica y Censos (Costa Rica)
DGF	Dept. of Game and Fish
DGG	Direccion General de Geografia (Mexico)
DGGM	Direccion General de Geologia y Minas (Colombia)
DGGS	Div. of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (Alaska); Directorate General of Geological Surveys (Iraq)
DGI	Direktorat Geologi (Indonesia)
DGIAI	Direccion General de Integracion y Analisis de la Informacion (Mexico)
DGIS	Direct Graphics Interface Standard
DGIWG	Ditigal Geographic Information Working Group
DGfK	Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kartographie
DGK 5	Deutsche Grundkarte 1:5 000
DGM	Div. des Gites Mineraux de l'Assn. Geologique du Canada; Direction de la Geologie et des Mines (Burkina Faso); Direccion General de Mineria (Dominican Republic)
DGMG	Direccion General de Minas y Geologia (Venezuela)
DGMP	Direccion de Geologia, Minas y Petrolio (Costa Rica)
DGN	Domestic geographic name
DGNR	Domestic Geographic Names Report (U.S.)
DGO	Direccion General de Oceanografia (Mexico)
DGP	Digital Graphic Product
DGPA	Direccion General de la Produccion Agraria (Spain)
DGPS	Differential Global Positioning System; Differential Global Positioning Satellite
DGRM	Direccion General de Recursos Minerales (Panama)
DGS	Dept. of Geological Survey (Botswana); Delaware Geological Survey
DGSE	Dept. of Geological Survey and Exploration (Burma)
DGU	Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse
DH	Drill hole
D.H.	Double hydrant
DHI	Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut; Defense Hydrographic Initiative (USDMA)
DHN	Directoria de Hidrografia e Navegac~ao (Brazil)
DI	Data Integration; Digital image
DIA	Defence Intelligence Agency (U.S.); Dept. of Indian Affairs; Dept. of International Affairs
DIAL	Digital Imae Analysis Laboratory (Univ. of Arizona)
diam.	Diameter
DIAM	Defense Intelligence Agency Manual
DID	Data information delivery; Data information description; Digital Image Data
DIDS	Digital Information Display System (U.S.)
DIELOG	DAASC Integrated E-Mail Logistics System (USDMA)
DIES	Digital Image Enhancement System
DIF	Data Integration Function; Data Interchange Format; Display Information Facility; Document Interchange Format (U.S. Navy)
DIGCAT	Digital Catalog
DIM	Digital Image Matching
DIME	Dual Independent Map Encoding (U.S. Bureau of the Census)
Dinageca	Direcc~ao Nacional de Geografia e Cadastro (Mozambique)
DIP	Data Integration Program
DIPS	Digital Image Processing System
DIRS	Digital Image Rectification/Registration System
DIS	Distributed Information System
DISHIDROS	Dinas Hidro Oceanografi (Indonesia)
Dist.	District
DISTDAHS	Distributed Satellite Telemetry Data Handling System
Div.	Division
DKDGS	Det Kongelige Danske Geografiske Selskab
DL	Data logging
DLA	Diffusion-limited aggregation
DLCW	Department of Land and Water Conservation (NSW)
DLG	Digital Line Graph
DLG-E	Digital Line Graph--Enhanced
DLGF	Digital Line Graph--Framework
DLG-O	Digital Line Graph--Optional
DLG2DEM	Digital Line Graph to Digital Elevation Model (production software)
DLG-3	Digital Line Graph--level 3
DLI	Digital Library Initiative (U.S.); Data Liberation Initiative (Canada)
DLL	Windows Dynamic Link Library
DLMS	Digital Landmass System
DLNR	Dept. of Land and Natural Resources
DLS	Dominion Land Survey (Canada); Dept. of Lands and Survey (Guyana); Dept. of Lands and Surveys (Cyprus)
DLT	Digital linear tape
DLWC	Dept. of Land and Water Conservation (Australia)
DM	Departamento de Minas (Honduras); Data mining
DMA	Defense Mapping Agency (U.S.); Designated Market Areas (USBC TIGER)
DMAAC	Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center
DMAFF	Defense Mapping Agency Feature File; Defense Mapping Agency Feature Format
DMAHTC	Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Topographic Center
DMAIAGS	Defense Mapping Agency Inter-American Geodetic Survey
DMAODS	Defense Mapping Agency Office of Distribution Services
DMASPOEM	Defense Mapping Agency Special Program Office for Exploitation Modernization
DMA TC	Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center (U.S.)
DMATC	Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center (U.S.)
DMAUSE	DMA Utility Software Environment (USDMA)
DME	Distance measuring equipment; Dept. of Mines and Energy (Nova Scotia)
DMMR	Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources (Saudi Arabia)
DMR	Dept. of Mineral Resources (New South Wales)
DMRS	Data Management and Retrieval System
DMRT	Dept. of Mineral Resources of Thailand
DMS	Data Management System; Desktop Mapping System (R-WEL, Inc.); Drawing Management System; Defense Mapping School (USDMA); Defense Message System (USDoD); Distribution Management System
DMSI	Data Management Segment Interface Control Document
DMSO	Defense Mapping School Operations Office (USDMA)
DMSP	Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DMU	Defense Mapping Unit (Singapore)
DMW	Daft, McCune, Walker
DN	Digital Number
DNC	Digital Nautical Chart
DMMG	Direccion Nacional de Mineria y Geologia (Uruguay)
DMTI	Desktop Mapping Technologies Inc.
DNPM	Departamento Nacional de Produc~ao Mineral (Brazil)
DNPCT	Direction National de Production Cartographique et Topographique (Mali)
DNR	Dept. of Natural Resources
DNRC	Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation (Montana)
DNREP	Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (Kentucky)
DNT	Direccion Nacional de Topografia (Uruguay)
DNR	Dept. of Natural Resources
Do.	Ditto (the same)
DO	Digital Ortho; District office
DOA	Dept. of Agriculture
Doc.	Document
DOC	Dept. of Commerce
DOD	Dept. of Defense
DOE	Dept. of Energy
DOH	Dept. of Health
DOI	Dept. of the Interior; Digital object identifier; Document object identifier
DOMSAT	Domestic Communications Satellite System
DOQ	Digital orthophoto quadrangle
DOQQ	Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle
DORIS	Decision-Oriented Resource Information System (Ventura County, Calif.)
DOS	Directorate of Overseas Surveys (U.K.); Dept. of State; Digital Orthophoto System; Disc Operating System
DOSLI	Dept. of Survey and Land Information (New Zealand)
DOT	Dept. of Transportation
DP	Data production; Digital Photogrammetry
DPE	Data processing environment; data processing equipment
DPED	Dept. of Planning and Economic Development
dpi	Dots per inch
DPI	Dots per inch
DPIE	Dept. of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)
DPL	Data Programming Language
DPMA	Data Processing Management Assn.
DPPDB	Digital Point Positioning Data Base
DPS	DEM Production System; Digital Production System (USDMA)
Dpt.	Department
DPW	Dept. of public works
DPWS	Digital Photogrammetric Work Station
DQDB	Distributed-Queue Dual Buses
DQQ	Digital Quarter Quadrangle
Dr.	Drive
DR	Data record(s)
DRBC	Delaware River Basin Commission
DRF	Digital Raster File
DRG	Digital Raster Graphic; Davey Resource Group
DRGM	Direction des Recherches gologiques et minires (Niger)
DRGP	Digital Representation of Graphic Products
DRGS	Direct Readout Ground Station
DRO	Digital Revision Overlay
DS	Digital subsystem
DSD	Digital Sailing Directions
DSDP	Deep Sea Drilling Project
DSF	Delivery sequence file (U.S. Postal Service)
DSGM	Direcc~ao de Servicos de Geologia e Minas (Angola); Direccion del Servicio Geografico Militar (Paraguay)
DSGZ	Dept. of the Surveyor General (Zimbabwe)
DSIR	Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research (Australia, New Zealand)
DSL	Dept. of Surveys and Lands (Botswana); Data Service Laboratory
DSM	Directorate of Surveys and Mapping (South Africa)
DSN	Deep Space Network
DSNP	Dassault-Sercel NP
DSP	Dept. of State Planning
DSPW	Digital Photogrammetric Workstation (USCE)
DS/S	Data Services Segment
DSU	Digital Standard Update
DTAD	Digital Terrain Analysis Data
DTD	Digital Terrain Data
DTED	Digital Terrain Elevation Data (U.S. government)
DTG	Digital tape generation
DTM	Digital Terrain Model (or Modeling)
DTOP	Digital Topographic Data
DTS	Digital transmission system
DTSS-P	Digital Topographic Support System Prototype
DTW	Desk-top Workstation
DUMC	Dutch Union Map Catalogue
DV	Daily Value
DVD	Digital video disc; Digital versitile disc
DVP	Digital Video Plotter
DW	Data warehousing
DWD	Deutscher Wetterdienst
DWF	Drawing Web Format
DWR	Dept. of Water Resources
DXF	Drawing Interchange File; Digital Exchange Format
DySIS	Dynamic Software and Integrated Solutions, Inc.
D-2	National Interest Lands, Section D-2, Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act

E Return to Index

E	East; Electronic; Elevator (open); Einwohner = inhabitant
EA	Environmental assessment
EAF	East African Force (UK)
EAFS	Effective Aerial Film Speed
EAOS	Environment Australia Online Service
EAP	Environmental Affairs Program
Earthsat	Earth Satellite Corp.
EBCDIC	Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBR	Electron Beam Recorder
EBRPD	East Bay Regional Park District (California)
ECDIS	Electronic Chart Display and Information System (U.S.)
ECE	E. Coyote Enterprises
ECEF	EarthCentered EarthFixed
Ed.	Editor; edition
ED	Elevation data; Enumeration district
E.D.	Eastern District
EDA	Electronic design automation; Exploratory data analysis
EDC	EROS Data Center (LIA); Electronic digital computer; Environmental Data Center (California)
EDD	Environmental Data Directory (Australia)
EDGE	Energy Data Geographical Explorer (Petroconsultants, Inc.)
EDI	Electronic Data Interchange; Electronic Devices Inc.
EDIES	EROS Digital Image Enhancement Systems
EDIFACT	Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport
EDIPS	EROS Digital Image Processing System
EDIS	Environmental Data and Information Service; Electrical Distribution Information System (Santee Cooper)
EDITOR	ERTS Data Interpretation and Tenex Operations Recorder
EDM	Electronic distance measurement
EDMAS	Environmental Dose Modeling and Analysis System
EDMI	Electronic distance measuring instrument(s)
EDMS	Electronic document management system(s)
EDP	Electronic data processing
EDS	Electronic Data Systems Corp.; Engineering Design System; Environmental Data Service (NOAA)
EDT	Eastern Daylight Time
EEC	European Economic Community
EEZ	Exclusive Economic Zone
E.F.	Eisenbahnfaehre
EGA	Enhanced Graphics Adaptor
EGIS	European GIS
EGNOS	European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
EGS	European Geophysical Society; Economic geology series
EGSMA	Geological Survey and Mining Authority (Egypt)
EHS	Extremely hazardous materials
EIGS	Ethiopian Inst. of Geological Survey
EIM	Environmental information management
eingesch.	eingeschossig
eis.	eisern = iron
EIS	Environmental Impact Statement
Eisb. Brck.	Eisenbahnbrucke = Railroad bridge
EIWG	Earth Imaging Working Group
ELC	End of line code
ELMO	Electronic Map Ordering
El.W.	Elektrizitatswerk = electric power station
EM	Electromagnetic
E.M.	Mining Engineer
EMA	Environmental Management Agency; Ethopian Mapping Authority
EMAIL	Electronic Mail
EMAP	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (U.S. EPA)
EMC	Eastern Mapping Center (USGS)
EMIP	European Market for Infrastructural Projects
EMPS	Elevation Matrix Processing System
EMR	Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada; Electromagnetic radiation
EMS	Electromagnetic spectrum
E.N.E.	East-northeast
Eng. Dept.	Engineering Dept.; Dept. of Engineers
Engr. Bn.	Engineer Battalion
ENIAK	Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
ENID	Endnote ID
ENTR	Entrance
ENVISAT	Environmental Satellite
EO	Earth observation
EOCAP	Earth Observations Commercial Applications Program
EODMS	Earth Observations Data Management Systems
EOF	End of File
EOS	Earth Observing System; Greek National Mountaineering Assn.
EOSAT	Earth Observation Satellite (Company)
EOSDIS	Earth Observing System Data and Information System
EOT	End of Text
EP	End Point
EPA	Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)
EPB	Earth Physics Branch (Canada)
EPI	Electronic Position Indicator
EPIRB	Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
EPS	Encapsulated PostScript
ERBS	Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
ERCE	Groupe d'Etudes de Recherches Critiques d'Espace (Universite du Quebec, Montreal)
ERDAS	Earth Resources Data Analysis System
ERDC	Earth Resources Data Center (ERIM)
ERDL	Engineer Research and Development Laboratories
EREP	Earth Resources Experiment Package (Skylab)
ERIM	Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan
ERIN	Earth Resources Information Network; Environmental Resource Information Network (Australia)
ERIS	Earth Resources Inventory System; Earth Resources Infomation System
ERL	Environmental Research Laboratories (NOAA); Earth Resources Laboratory (NASA)
ERLAS	Earth Resources Laboratory Application Software
ERM	Earth Resource Mapping (Firm)
EROS	Earth Resources Observation Satellite; Earth Resources Observation System
ERRSAC	Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Center (NASA)
ERS	Earth Remote Sensing (satellite)
ERSAC	Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Centre (United Arab Emirates)
ERSAL	Environmental Remote Sensing Analysis Laboratory (Oregon State Univ.)
ERSAR	Earth Resources Synthetic Aperture Radar
ERSC	Egyptian Remote Sensing Center
ERSP	Epipolar Rectified Stereo Pair
ERTS	Earth Resources Technology Satellite
ERSUN	Environmental Remote Sensing Unit (British Aerospace Space Systems, Ltd.)
ESA	Egyptian Survey Authority; European Space Agency; Earth Sciences Associates
ESC	European Seismological Commission
ESCAP	Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESD	Engineering Services Dept. (Qatar)
ESDA	Earth Sciences Data Standards (council)
ESDD	Earth Science Data Directory (USGS)
E.S.E.	East-southeast
ESI	EagleScan Inc.; Enironmental Sensitivity Index
ESIC	Earth Science Information Center (USGS); Earth Sciences Information Centre (Canada)
ESIG	Exemplary Systems in Government award (URISA)
ESIM	Earth Science Information Manager
ESIN	Earth Science Information Network
ESIO	Earth Science Information Office
ESIS	Earth Science Information System
ESL	Electromagnetic Systems Laboratories, Inc.
ESR	Engineering Surveys Reproduction Ltd.
ESRI	Environmental Systems Research Inst., Inc.
ESSA	Environmental Science Service Administration
ESSC	Earth System Science Center (Pennsylvania State Univ.)
E. St.	Eisenbahn Station = railway station
EST	Eastern Standard Time
ES&T	Environmental Science and Technology
E.S.W.	East-southwest
ET	Frame enclosed elevator with self-closing traps
ETF	European Transfer Format
ETL	Engineer Topographic Laboratories (USCE)
ETM	Enhanced Thematic Mapper
EUB	Alberta Energy and Utilities Board
EUROGI	European Umbrella Organisation for Geographic Information
EVO	Ernst Volker (Oldenburg, Germany)
Ex. doc.	Executive document

F Return to Index

F	Fahrenheit; Flat
FA	Fire alarm box
FAA	Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)
FAAT	Fully Analytical Aerotriangulation
FAC	Feature analysis code(s)
FACC	Feature and Attribute Coding Catalog
FACE	Field Ancillary Computer Effort
FACM	Florida Assn. of Cadastral Mappers
FACS	Feature Attribute Coding Standard; Feature Attribute Coding System
Fahrb.	Fahrbahn = roadway
FAO	Food and Agricultural Organization (United Nations)
FAQ	Frequently Asked Question(s)
FARC	Federal Archives and Record Center
Fb.	Fabrik = Factory
FB	Freytag-Berndt und Artaria
FBN	Federal base network (U.S.)
FC	Field component; Field completion
FCC	False color composite; Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)
FCM	Feature change map
FCT	Forestry Commission Tasmania
FCW	Federal Computer Week (journal)
FDDI	Fiber Digital Data Interface
FDLP	Federal Depository Library Program (US GPO)
FDLS	Fiji Dept. of Lands and Survey
FDPP	Framework Demonstration Projects Program (FGDC)
FE	Feature extraction; Field engineer; Frame enclosed elevator
F.E.	Forest Engineer
fe.	Fecit (maker)
FEAT	Alternate Feature Identification Code
fec.	Fecit (maker)
FED	Field-emission displays
FEE	Feature Extraction Environment
FEMA	Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)
FEP	Feature Extraction Processor
FES	Feature Extraction Segment
FESWMS	Finite Element Surface Water Model System
FEWS	Feature Extraction Workstation
FGCC	Federal Geodetic Control Committee (U.S.)
FGCS	Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee (U.S.)
FGDC	Federal Geographic Data Committee (U.S.)
FGEF	Federal Geographic Exchange Format (U.S.)
F.G.S.	Fellow of the Geological Society
FGS	Florida Geological Survey
FGT	Federal Geographic Technology (U.S.)
FH	Field headquarters
FHA	Federal Highway Administration (U.S.)
FHWA	Federal Highway Administration (U.S.)
FICCDC	Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography (U.S.)
FIG	Federation Internationale des Geom`etres = International Federation of Surveyors
FII	Fundacion Instituto de Ingeneiria
FILS	Federal Government Information Locator System
FIPS	Federal Information Processing Standard(s); Flagstaff Image Processing System
FIRM	Flood Rate Insurance Map
FIRMS	Flood Rate Insurance Maps
FL	Florida; Focal length; Function libraries
FLHO	Federal Lands Highway Office (U.S.)
FLIMAP	Fast Laser Imaging Mapping and Profiling (system)
FLIR	Forward-looking Infrared
FLL	Waterfall
FLOPS	Floating Point Operations per Second
FM	Facilities management; Field manual
F.M.	Field Marshall
FMC	Federal Maritime Commission (U.S.)
FME	Feature manipulation Engine (Safe Software Inc.)
FMGIS	Flight management geographic information system
FMLIS	Federal Mineral Lands Information System
FMP	Field Pack Mobile Professional (All Points Software)
FMS	Facility Mapping Systems Inc.; Flight Managing System
FMS/AC	Facility Mapping System for AutoCAD
FNESA	Federation of New England Surveyors Assn.s
FO	Field office
F.O.	Field Officer; Foreign Office
FOC	Full operational capability
FOGs	Fiber Optic Gyros
FOM	Field Operations Manual
FORTRAN	Formula Translation (computer language)
FOUO	For official use only
FOV	Field of view
FPC	Federal Power Commission; Federal Publishers Committee
FPT	Full production training
FPU	Floating point unit
FRA	Federal Railroad Administration
FRC	Federal Records Center
F.R.G.S.	Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
FRM	Farm
FRP	Federal Radio-navigation Plan
F.R.S.	Fellow of the Royal Society
FS	Fire station; Forest Service (U.S.); Federal Survey Div. (Nigeria)
FSLUPC	Federal/State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska
FSMS	Florida Surveying and Mapping Society
FSO	Field Support Office (U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories)
FSPLS	Florida Society of Professional Land Surveyors
FSR	Flight Summary Report
FSRAMIS	Forest Service Range Management Information System
FT	Field terminator
Fth.	Fathom
FTL	Future Temporal Logic
FTM	Foiben Taosarintanin' i Madagasikara
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
FU	Field unit
Fur.	Furlong
Fw.	Fussweg = Footpath
FWPCA	Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (U.S.)
FWS	Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.)
FZDS	Flood Zone Determination Services

G Return to Index

G	Geometry
G&M	Geography and Map; geography and Map Div.
G&O	Greenhorne & O'Mara Inc.
GA	Geographic access; Geographical Association
GAF	Gesellschaft fur Angewandte Fernerkundung
GAC	Geological Assn. of Canada
GAP	Geographic Application Program; Gap Analysis Program (USNBS)
GAT	Geography Assn. of Thailand
GB	Gigabyte; Geologische Bundesansalt (Austria)
GBA	GeoBusiness Assn.; George Butler Associates, Inc.
GBf	Guterbahnhof = freight depot
GBF	Geographic Base File
GBI	Green biomass index
GBIS	Geo-Based Information System
Gbo.	Grabador = engraver
GBS	Geograpic Base System
GCCS	Global Command, Control System (USDMA)
GCDB	Geographic Coordinate Data Base (U.S.)
GCDIS	Global Change Data and Information System
GCG	Geocartographics Subdivison (Canada)
GCHC	Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center (U.S.)
GCM	General circulation model; Global climate model; General Command of Mapping (Turkey)
GCP	Ground control point(s)
GCRA	Geographic and Cartographic Research and Applications Section
GCRS	Gulf Centre for Remote Sensing (Firm)
GCSS	Global Combat Support System
GCT	Greenwich Civil Time
GCTP	General Coordinate Transformation Package (software); Geographic Coordinate Transformation Package (software)
GD	Geologic Div. (USGS); Geospatial data; Graphic digitization
GDA	Geographic Data Analysis System
GDC	Geographic Data Council
GDD	Graphics Data Display Manager; GIS Data Depot
GDE	Graphic Developer's Engine (FCAD Software, Inc.)
GDF	Geographic data file
GDHS	Ground Data Handling System (GFSC)
GDM	Geospatial data management
GDS	Graphic Data Systems Corp; Grumman Data Systems; Geo-Data System; Geographic Data Service (U.S.)
GDT	Geographic Data Technology Inc.
GDTA	Groupement pour le Developpement de la Teledetection Aerospatiale (France)
GE	General Electric; Geographic equivalent
GEBCO	General bathymetric chart of the oceans = Carte generale bathymetrique des oceans
GEDS	General Environmental Data Base System (Florida)
GEGMR	General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources (Syria)
GEM	Graphical Environment Manager
GEMS	Global Environment Monitoring System
GEOBAL	Servicio Geologico de Bolivia
GEO-CAT	Geographic catalog of political and statistical areas
Geocorr	Geographic Correspondence Engine
Geog.	Geography
Geol.	Geology
GEOLAN	Geological (survey) local area network
GEOREF	Geological Reference (system)
GEOS	Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite
GEOSAT	Geodesy Satellite
GEOSEC	Geographic Security
GeoTMS	Geographic Town Management System (Des Lauriers & Assoc. Inc.)
GEOZAVOD	Zavod za Geoloska i Geofizicksa Istrazivanja (Yugoslavia)
Ges.	Gesamt-
GES	Geographic Entry System
GFDL	Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (U.S.)
GGMC	Guyana Geology and Mines Commission
GGNRA	Golden Gate National Recreation Area (Calif.)
GGS	Georgia Geologic Survey
GGU	Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse
GI	Geographic information
GIA	Geographic information analysis; Geographic information and analysis; GPS International Assn.
GIAC	Geomatics Industry Assn. of Canada
GIAL	Geographic Information and Analysis Laboratory (State Univ. of New York, Buffalo)
GIB	Geographic Information Board (Florida); Geomagnetic Indices Bulletin; G.I. Barnett & Son
GICC	Geographic Information Coordinating Committee (Colorado)
GICS	Geographic Identification Code Scheme
GID	Geodaetisk Institut (Denmark)
GIDW	General inverse-distance weighted interpolation model
.GIF	Graphics Interchange File; Graphics Interchange Format
GIG	Geologic Inquiries Group
GILS	Government Information Locator Service
GIMS	Geographic Information Management Systems Committee (ASCM/ASPRS)
GIO	Geograpic Investigations Office (USGS)
GIPS	Generalized Image Processing Sytstem
GIRAS	Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (USGS)
GIS	Geographic(al) information system(s); Geohydrologic Information System; Geoscience Information Society; Global Indexing System
GISDEX	Federal Geographic Information and Spatial Data Exposition and Conference (U.S.)
GISMO	GIS MOdeling (ERDAS)
GISOM	Generating Information and Scanning Ohio Maps (Ohio State Univ. Center for Mapping)
GISS	Goddard Institude of Space Studies
GIST	Geographic Information System for Transportation
GITA	Geospatial Information & Technology Assn.
GIV	Geologic Information Visualization (software)
GKP	Geodeticky a Kartograficky Podnik v Praze
GKS	Graphics Kernal System
Gl.	Gleis
GLAB	Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt
GLAB-W	Geologisches Landesamt Baden-Wurttemberg
GLAI	Green leaf area index
GLAN-W	Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen
GLAS	Geoscience Laser Altimeter System; Geologisches Landesamt des Saarlandes
GLAS-H	Geologisches Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein
GLI	Global Imager
GLIS	Geographic Land Information System (USGS); Geographic and Land Information Society
GLM	General linear model
GLO	General Land Office (U.S.)
GLONASS	Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (Russia)
GLOSS	Global Observation Surveillance System
GLR-P	Geologisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz
GLRS	Geoscience Laser Ranging System
GM	Geography and Map; Geologic map
GMAT	Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time
GMD	Geologisch Mijnbouwkundige Dienst van Suriname
GME	Geohydrologic Map Editor
GMR	Government Micro Resources Inc.
GMS	Geostationary meteorological satellite(s)
G.M.S.I.	Ground Modeling Systems Inc.; Gandalf Mobile Systems Incorporated; GMSI Inc. is a firm (not an abbreviation)
GMT	Greenwich Mean Time; Generic Mapping Tools
G.M.T.	Giuseppi Maria Terreni
GN	Grid north
GNC	Geologic Names Committee; Global navigation chart
GNIS	Geographic Names Information System (U.S.)
GNMP	Gettysburg National Military Park
GNS	GEOnet Names Server (USNIMA)
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System
GNU	Geologic Names Unit (USGS)
GNULEX	Geologic Names Unit Lexicon (USGS)
GO	Geometric Operations
G&O	Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc.
GODORT	Government Documents Round Table (ALA)
GOES	Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (NASA)
GOME	Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOMS	Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite(s)
Gov.	Governor
Gov. Gen.	Governor General
GP	Graphic production; Graphics processor; Geography Program (USGS)
GPF	Geospatial Prototype Facility
GPG	Graphic Product Generation
GPH	Geological Publishing House (China)
GPI	Graphics Programming Interface
GPIP	General Purpose Image Processor
GPM	Gestalt Photo Mapper
GP.MC	Geoprocessing Map Call
GP.MCD	Geoprocessing Map Call Deamon program
GPO	Government Printing Office
GPOS	Government Printing Office Style Manual
GPPU	Graphic Polygon Processing Utilities
GPR	Ground-Penetrating Radar
GPS	Global positioning system(s)
GPSDR	Global positioning system demonstration receiver
GPSIC	Global Positioning System Information Center (U.S. Coast Guard); GPS Industry Council
GPST	Global positioning system time
GQ	Geologic quadrangle
gr.	gross
Gr.	Grosse
GRAMPS	Graphic Map Production System
GRASS	Geographic Resource Analysis Support System
GRC	Generation of reproducible copy; Geoscience Research Corp.
GRD	Ground Resolved Distance
GRDL	Geodetic Research and Development Laboratory
GRF-N	Geographic Reference File-Names
GRIDS	Grid Referenced Information Display System; Gridded Resource Inventory Data System
GRS	Geodetic Reference System
GRS 80	Geodetic Reference System of 1980
GRSU	Geography Remote Sensing Unit (Univ. of California, Santa Barbara)
GS	Geological Survey (U.S.); Gray scale
GSA	General Services Administration (U.S.); Geological Society of America; Geological Survey of Alabama
GSC	Geographic Systems Corp.; Geological Survey of Canada; Geotronics Service Center; Geocode Service Center (HUD)
GSD	Ground sample distance; Geological Survey Dept. (Malawi); Geological Survey Div. (Jamaica); Geodetic Survey Div. (Natural Resources Canada)
GSDM	Global Spatial Data Model
GSDS	Global spatial data system
GSFC	Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
GSGS	Geographical Section, General Staff (U.K.)
GSI	Geodetic Survey Inst. (Japan); Geophysical Services Inc.; Geological Survey of India; Geological Survey of Iran; Geolical Survey Inst. (Japan); Geological Survey of Ireland
GSJ	Geological Survey of Japan
GSK	Geological Survey of Kenya
GSL	Geographic Sciences Laboratory (USCE)
GSM	Graphic Standard Metafile
GSMD	Geological Survey and Mines Dept. (Swaziland)
GSN	Geological Survey of Namibia
GSNI	Geological Survey of Northern Ireland
GSP	Geological Survey of Pakistan; Geographical statistics program
GSPB	Geodetic Satellite Policy Board
GSPNG	Geological Survey Papua New Guinea
GSRC	Geological Survey Research Committee
GSS	Geographic support system
GSSA	Geological Survey South Africa
GSW	Geological Survey of Wyoming
GSZ	Geological Survey of Zambia
GT	Geometry and topology; Greater than; Geologian Tutkimuskeskus = Geological Survey of Finland
G.T.	Gas tank
GTE	Greater than or equal
GTI	GIS Technology Inc.
GTS	GPS Timing Simulator (NovAtel Inc.)
GTUB	Geographic tabulation unit base
GU	Government unit
GUDS	Geologicky ustav Dionyz Stur
GUGK	Glavnoe Upravlenie Geodezii i Kartografii (USSR)
GUGKK	Glavno Upravlenie po Geodezia I Kartografia y Kadaster (Bulgaria)
GUI	Graphical User Interface
GUID	Globally unique identifier
GUNI	Goteborgs Universitet Naturgeografiska Institutionen
GUNO	Glavnoe Upravlenie Navigatsii i Okeanografii (USSR)
GVF	Goodness of variance fit
GVI	Green vegetation index
GVIS	Geographic Visualization
GW	Gas well (natural); Ground water
GWE	Global Weather Experiment
GWEN	Ground Wave Emergency Network (U.S.)
GWSI	Groundwater site inventory

H Return to Index

h.	hoch = high
H.	Hohe = height
ha.	Hektar
HA	Hydrologic Atlas
HAC	Harbor and Approach Chart
HALS	Hawaii Assn. of Land Surveyors
HARN	High-Accuracy Reference Network (U.S.)
Hbf	Hauptbahnhof = main railway station
HBF	Herbert Bismarck Foster
HBM	Hydrologic bench mark
HBMN	Hydrologic Bench Mark Network
HC	Hard copy
HCC	Heat Capacity Mapping Mission
HCDN	Hydroclimate Data Network
HCMM	Heat-capacity Mapping Mission
HCMR	Heat-capacity Mapping Radiometer
HCRS	Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (U.S.)
HD	Hydrographic Dept. (Great Britain)
HDDT	High-Density Digital Tape
HDLD	Headland
HDOP	Horizontal Dilution of Precision
HDT	High density tape
HDT-A	High density tape (not geometrically corrected)
HDTR	High density tape recorder
HDTV	High-definition television
Herst.	Herstellung
HE/S	Hardcopy Exploitation Segment
HF	High frequency
HFA	Hydrologic field assistant
Hfn	Hafen = port, harbor
Hgbf	Hauptgueterbahnhof
HGCSD	Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District (U.S.)
.HGL	Newlett-Packard Graphics Language format
HGS	Halliburton Geophysical Services
HI	Hawaii
HIA	Hydrologic Investigations Atlas
HIF	Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
Hind.	Hindustan
HIRAN	High Range Navigation
HIRS	High-resolution Infrared Sounder
HIS	Hydrologic Information System
HISS	Heritage Information Statistical System
HIT	Horizons Technolgy Inc.
HIU	Hydrologic Information Unit
HJW	Hammon, Jensen, Wallen & Associates
HKGA	Hong Kong Geographical Assn.
HLAB	Hessisches Landesamt fur Bodenforschung
HLfB	Hessisches Landesamt fur Bodenforschung
HLL	Hill
HLLS	Hills
HLR	High level radiation; High level radioactivity
HLRS	Highway Location Reference Standard
HLS	Hue, lightness and saturation
HLVA	Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt
HLW	High level waste (radioactivity)
HMCK	Hummock
HMGS	Hellenic Military Geographical Service
HMSO	Her/His Majesty's Stationery Office (Great Britain)
H.O.	Hochofen = blast furnace
HOM	Hotine oblique Mercator
Hon.	Honorable
Hp	Haltepunkt = stopping place
HP	Hewlett-Packard (corp.)
HPFS	High pressure fire service
HPGL	Hewlett Packard Graphics Language
HPGN	High-Precision Geodetic Network
HPP	High Precision Photogrammetry
HPRASA	High Plains Regional Aquifer System
HQ	Headquarters
HR	House of Representatives
HRB	Highway Research Board
HRD	High-resolution data
HRDB	High-resolution Data Base
HRDI	High-resolution Doppler Imager
HRFRS	High-resolution Film Recorder Subsystem
HRGA	High Rate Geographical Areas
HRIR	High-resolution Infrared Radiometer
HRMSI	High Resolution Multispectral Stereo Imager
HRV	High Resolution Visible
HRVIR	High Resolution Visible Infrared (scanner)
HS	High school
HSDL	High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
HSGT	Hitachi Software Global Technology, Ltd.
HSI	Horizontal Situation Indicator; Habitat Suitability Index
H. St.	Eisenbahn Haltstelle = railway stop
HTC	Hydrographic Topographic Center (USDMA)
H., T.C.	Thomas Campanius Holm
HTDP	Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning
HTI	Horizons Technology, Inc.
HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
HUA	Hydrologic Unit Area
HUC	Hydrologic Unit Code
HUD	Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)
Hund.	Hundred
H.W.	Hochwasser
H/W	Hardware

I Return to Index

I.	Island
IA	Infrastructure Analyst (BaySys Technologies Inc.)
IACWD	Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data
IAEA	International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEG	International Assn. of Engineering Geologists
IAG	International Assn. of Geodesy
IAGS	Inter-American Geodetic Survey
IAH	International Association of Hydrogeologists
IAHS	International Assn. of Hydrological Sciences = Assn. Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques
IALA	International Assn. of Lighthouse Authorities
IALS	Idaho Assn. of Land Surveyors
IAOO	International Assn. of Assessing Officers
IASI	Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer
IAT	Image Annotation Tape; International Atomic Time
IAWPRC	International Assn. for Water Pollution Research and Control
IB	Isobar
IBC	International Boundary Commission (U.S.-Canada)
IBDF	Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal
IBG	Inst. of British Geographers
IBGE	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadistica
IBIS	Image-Based Information System
IBM	International Business Machines (corp.); International boundary marker
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
IBSP	Idaho Bureau of State Planning
IBWC	International Boundary and Water Commission (Mexico-U.S.)
IC	Integrated circuit(s)
ICA	International Cartographic Assn. = Assn. Cartographique Internationale
ICACET	International Cartographic Assn. Committee on Training
ICAITI	Instituto Centro Americano de Investigacion y Tecnica Industrial
ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organiztion
ICC	Institut Cartografic de Catalunya; Interstate Commerce Commission (U.S.); International Cartographic Conference
ICCP	Inst. for Certification of Computer Professionals
ICE	Information Center for the Environment (UCD)
ICED	Intraprofessional Council on Environmental Design
ICES	Institution of Civil Engineers (UK); Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications
ICEX	Ice and Climate Experiment
ICGC	Instituto Cubano de Geodesia y Cartografia
ICGWM	International Clearinghouse for Ground Water Models
ICITV	Institut de la Carte International du Tapis Vegetale
ICM	Instituto Geografico Militar
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMSSR	Interagency Committee on Meteorological Services and Supporting Research
ICONA	Instituto Nacional para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (Spain)
ICR	Intelligent Character Reader
ICT	Information and communication technologies
ICW	International Computer Works, Inc.
ID	Identification; Interface device; Idaho
IDAS	Image Data Analysis Systems
IDC	International Data Corp.
IDCCC	Interior Digital Cartographic Coordination Committee (U.S.)
IDD	Information and data dissemination
IDE	Imbedded Drive Electronics
IDEN	Identification module
IDFG	Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game
IDIMS	Interactive Digital Image Manipulation System
IDL	Interactive Data Language; Idaho Dept. of Lands
IDLH	Immediately dangerous to life and health
IDR	Interface drawing
IDS	Information Decision Systems (firm)
IDWO	Intelligence Div., War Office (U.K.)
IDWR	Idaho Dept. of Water Resources
IEMVT	Institut d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux
IEP	Independent electric plant
IERS	International Earth Rotation Service
IES	Inst. for Environmental Sciences
IF	Frame identification
IfAG	Institut fur Angewandte Geodasie
IFF	Interchange Format File (Commodore Amiga)
IFLA	International Assn. of Library Asociations and Institutions
IFN	Service de l'Inventaire Forestier National (France)
IFOV	Instantaneous Field of View
IFP	Institut Francais de Pondicherry; Institut Francais du Petrole
IFR	Instrument Flight Regulation
IFREMER	Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer
ISFAR	Inter-ferometric Synehetic Aperture Radar
IFSARE	Inter-ferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Elevation
IG	Instytut Geologiczny (Poland)
IGA	Istituto Geografico de Agostini
IGAC	Instituto Geografico "Agustin Codazzi"
IGBF	Institut Geographique de Burkina Faso
IGBP	International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
IGC	International Geologic Congress; Intelligent Graphics Controller; Informative Graphics Corp.
IGCI	Institut Geographique de la Cote d'Ivoire
IGCP	International Geological Correlation Program; Instituto Geografico e Cadastral (Portugal)
IGDC	Interagency Geographic Data Committee (U.S.)
IGDS	Interactive Graphics Design System (software); Intergraph Design Software
IGEBU	Institut Geographique de Burundi
IGES	Initial Graphics Exchange Specification; International Graphics Exchange System
IGF	Inset Graphics Format
IGFCOT	Institutul de Geodezie, Fotogrammetrie, Cartografie si Organizarea Teritoriului (Romania)
IGG	Institutul de Geologie si Geofizica (Romania)
IGGSP	Instituto Geografico e Geologico de S~ao Paulo
IGIF	International Geographic Information Foundation
IGIS	Integrated Geographic Information System; Intelligent GIS
IGL	Interactive Graphics Library
IGLD 85	International Great Lakes Datum of 1985
IGM	Instituto Geografico Militar
IGME	Inst. of Geology and Mineral Exploration (Greece); Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espa~na
IGMI	Istituto Geografico Militare Italiano
IGN	Institut geographique national; Instituto Geografico Nacional
IGNB	Institut Geographique National (Belgium)
IGNC	Institut Geographique National Congolaise
IGNTG	Instituto Geografico Nacional "Tommy Guardia" (Panama)
IGS	Information & Graphics Systems Inc.; International GPS Service; Idaho Geological Survey; Indiana Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Israel
IGSN71	International Gravity Standardization Net 1971
IGT	Integrated GPS Technologies Inc.
IGU	International Geographical Union; Instituto Geografico Universitario (Dominican Republic)
IGUG	Intergraph Graph Users Group
IGWMC	International Ground Water Modeling Center
IGY	International Geophysical Year
IGZa	Institut Geographique du Zaire
IHA	Instituto Hidrografico de la Armada (Chile)
IHAC	Instituto Hidrografico de la Armada, Chile
IHB	International Hydrographic Bureau
IHD	International Hydrological Decade
IHGC	International Health Geographics Conference
IHO	International Hydrographic Organization
IHP	International Hydrologic Program
IHSI	Institut Haitien de Statistique de d'Informatique
IIAF	Idaho Image Analysis Facility
IICT	Instituto de Investigac~ao Cientifica Tropical (Portugal)
IIGS	Initial Image Generating System
IIPL	Interactive Image Processing Laboratory
IJC	International Joint Commission (U.S. & Canada)
IKU	Institutt for Kontinentalsokkelundersokelse (Norway)
ILC	Interim Library Catalog
ILEX	Interactive Landsat Executive (NASA software)
ILH	Internationales Landkartenhaus (Stuttgart)
ILI	Inst. for Land Information
ILIM	Inst. for Land Information Management (University of Toronto)
ILLIAC	Illinois Advanced Computer
ILWIS	Integrated Land and Water Information System (ITC)
IM	Information management
IMA	Intermap Analytic
IMACUAC	Information Management and Computer Utilization Advisory Committee
IMAG	Information Management Advisory Group
IMACS	Integrity Monitoring and Control Software (Javad Positioning Systems)
IMAGE	Integrated Mapping and Geographic Encoding System
IMAGE 100	Interactive Multispectral Image Analysis System (GE)
IMAN	Image Analysis (system); Intermap Analytic Nucleus
IMAP	Input, Management, Analysis, and Presentation
IMC	Image Motion Compensator
IMCoS	International Map Collectors Society
IMDA	International Map Dealers Assn.
.IMG	ADRG image format (USDMA)
IMGW	Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej (Poland)
IMO	International Maritime Organization
IMP	Integrated Micro Products Inc.
IMPAC	Image Analysis Computer Package (Egbert Scientific)
IMS	Intermediate map scale; Image Manipulation System; Internet Map Server (ESRI)
IMT	Information Management Technologies (Firm); Internet Media Type
IMTA	International Map Trade Assn.
IMW	International Map of the World
in.	Inch; inches
INC	Institut National de Cartographie
INCG	Institut National de Cartographie du Gabon; Institut Geographique National Guineen
INDEC	Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina)
INE	Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (Ecuador, Guatemala)
INEAC	Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomique du Congo
INEGI	Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas, Geografia e Informatica (Mexico)
INETER	Instituto Nicaraguense de Estudios Territoriales
INFORM	Information Network for Operational Resources Management (Arizona)
INGEMMET	Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico (Peru)
INGEO- MINAS	Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (Colombia)
INGM	Instituto Nacional de Geologia
INLT	Inlet
INMARSAT	International Maritime Satellite (organization)
INMG	Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica (Portugal)
INMH	Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia y Hidrologia (Ecuador)
INPE	Instituto das Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil)
INQUA	International Union for Quaternary Research
INRA	Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (France)
INRAT	Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie
INS	Inertial Navigation System
INSEE	Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (France)
INSMAP	International Symposium on Marine Positioning
Inst.	Institute
INSTAAR	Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research (Univ. of Colorado)
INTA	Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (Argentina)
INTELSAT	International Telecommunications Satellite (organization)
INTRISCA	Integrated Resource Inventory for South-Central Alaska
INUPAL	Informaciones Unidas para America Latina (Chile)
IO	Input/output; Interior orientation
I/O	Input/output
IOC	Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; Initial operational capability
ION	Inst. of Navigation
IOP	International Organisation of Palaeobotany
IOS	Institute of Oceanographic Science (Great Britain)
IP	Internet protocol; Image point
IPA	Imagery Product Archive (USDMA)
IPAM	Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia
IPCS	Image Production Control System
IPE	Image processing engine
IPF	Image Processing Facility (GSFC)
IPGP	Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
IPRG	Inst. for Petroleum Resources and Geophysics (Israel)
IPLSA	Illinois Professional Land Surveyors Assn.
IPOSTEL	Instituto Postal Telegrafico (Venezuela)
IPP	Integrated Plotting Package
IPS	Image processing system; Inertial Positioning System
IPT	Informatica per il Territorio; Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (Sao Paulo, Brazil); Integrated Product Team
IPX	Internet Packet Exchange
IR	Imaging Radiometer; Infrared
IRAT	Institut de Recherches en Agronomie Tropicale (France)
IRC	Intergraph Registered Consultant
IR. CH.	Iron chimney
IR. CH.S.A.	Iron chimney with spark arrestor
IRD	Information Resources Division (Arizona)
IRDB	Integrated regional database
IRDS	Information Resource Dictionary System
IRF	Internal Raster File; Internal Raster Format
IRG	Inter-Record Gap
IRICC	Interagency Resource Information Coordination Council
IRIS	Infrared Interferometer/Spectrometer; Interim Research and Intelligence Service (U.S. Dept. of State)
IRIS R&A	Research and Analysis Branch, Interim Research and Intelligence Service (U.S. Dept. of State)
IRLSA	Illinois Registered Land Surveyors Assn.
IRRI	International Rice Research Inst.
IRS	Internal Revenue Service (U.S.); Information retrieval system; Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRSA	Inst. of Remote Sensing Applications
IRWA	International Right of Way Assn.
IRWD	Irvine Ranch Water District
Is.	Island
IS	International Standard
I.S.	John Speed
ISA	Institute of Surveyors of Australia; Internet Starter Applications
ISABU	Institut des Sciences Agronomiques au Burundi
ISAMS	Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder
ISAPI	Internet Server Application Programming Interface
ISBD(CM)	International Standard Bibliographic Description for Cartographic Materials
ISC	Information Systems Council
ISCEM	International Society of Curators of Early Maps
ISD	Information Services Div.
ISDN	Integrated Services Digital Network
ISERT	Institut Superieur pour les Etudes et Recherches Scientifique et Techniques (Djibouti)
ISGS	Illinois State Geological Survey
ISI	Image Subsystem Interface; Information Systems Inventory (EPA); Interpretation System, Inc.
I-SITE	Intelligent Screening of Imagery for Teleophthalmology
Isl.	Island
ISL	Island
ISLP	Land-tied island
ISLS	Islands
ISM	Interpretive Structural Modeling
ISMS	International Society for Mine Surveying
ISO	Imaging Spectrometer Observatory; International Standards Organization
ISP	Internet service provider
ISPI	Intermediate-scale Product Inventory
ISPLS	Indiana Society of Professional Land Surveyors
ISPRS	International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ISR	Information Storage and Retrieval
IS&T	Information Systems and Technology
ISTAT	Istituto Centrale di Statistica (Italy)
ISTD	Inter-Services Topographical Dept. (Great Britain)
ISTH	Isthmus
ISU	International System of Units
ISURL	Indiana State Univ. Remote Sensing Laboratory
IT	Information technology; Integration Technologies Inc.
I.T.	Idaho Territory
ITAA	Information Technology Assn. of America
ITC	International Inst. for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (Netherlands; formerly International Training Centre for Aerial Survey); International Trade Commission
ITCA	International Topographic Composition Assn.
ITD	Interim Terrain Data
ITE	Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (Great Britain)
ITFE	Inductive terrain feature extraction
ITRF	International Terrestrial Reference Frame
ITRM	Information Technology Resouces Management (standard, Virginia)
ITS	Intelligent transportation system
ITU	Image Transfer Unit; International Telecommunications Union
IUE	International Ultraviolet Explorer
IUGG	International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
IUGS	International Union of Geological Sciences
IUSM	International Union for Surveying and Mapping
IVHS	Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems
IW	Information Warfare
IWARDS	Iowa Water Resources Data System
IWIS	International Water Information System
IWPC	Inst. of Water Pollution Control
IWRA	International Water Resources Assn.
I2S	International Imaging Systems Inc.

J Return to Index

JAMP	Joint Automated Mapping Project
JATOP	Army Topographic Service (Indonesia)
JCCDS	Joint Committee on Cartographic Data Standardization (U.S.)
JCP	Joint Committee on Printing (U.S. Congress)
JEC	John E. Chance & Associates
JECA	John E. Chance & Associates
JERS	Japanese Earth Resources Satellite
JFIF	JPEG File Interchange Format
J.H.	Jagerhaus = hunting lodge
JICA	Japan International Cooperation Agency = Kokusai Kyoryoku Jigyodan
JIGI	Java Interface for Geospatial Information
J&K	Jammu and Kashmir
JMC	Japan Map Center
JMPC	Joint Mapping and Photography Committee (U.S.)
JMTK	Joint Mapping Tool Kit
JNC	Jet Navigation Chart
JNGC	Jordan National Geographic Centre
JOG	Joint operations graphic
JOG-A	Joint operations graphic--air
JOG-G	Joint operations graphic--ground
JOG-R	Joint operations graphic--radar
JOIDES	Joint Oceanographic Institutions' Deep Earth Sampling
JOMAR	Joint Office for Mapping and Research (USGS-NOAA)
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
.JPG	Joint Photographic Experts Group format
JPL	Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
Jr HS	Junior high school
JRI	Jordregisterinstituttet (Norway)
JSC	Johnson Space Center
JSD	Jamaica Survey Dept.
JTIDS	Joint Tactical Information Distribution System
JTU	Jabatan Tanah dan Ukur
JWPCF	Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation

K Return to Index

K	1,000; Kilo
KAM	Kansas Assn. of Mappers
KANDIDATS	Univ. of Kansas Landsat Software System
KAPS	Kentucky Assn. of Land Surveyors
KARS	Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (program)
KB	Kilobyte
KBPS	Kilobytes per second
KCWA	Kern County Water Agency (Calif.)
KDI	Knowledge and Distributed Intelligence
K+F	Kummerly + Frey AG
Kfz.	Kraftfahrzeug
KGPS	Kinematic GPS
KGS	Kansas Geological Survey; Kentucky Geological Survey
kHz.	Kilohertz
KHz.	Kilohertz
KIER	Korean Inst. of Energy and Resources
Kil.	Kilometer
KKH	Karakoram Highway
kl.	klein
Kl.	Klasse
KL	Karhunen-Loeve (transform)
K-L	Karhunen-Loeve (transform)
Klbf	Kleinbahnhof
Kleinb	Kleinbahn
Kleinbf	Kleinbahnhof
Kls.	Kloster = cloister
KLSD	Kiribati Land and Survey Div.
km	Kilometer
KM	Kansas Mapper
KNP	Kruger National Park
KNRIS	Kentucky Natural Resources Information System
KREMU	Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit
KRIS	Kentucky Resources Information System
KSNM	Thousands (K) of square nautical miles
KU	Univ. of Kansas
kV	Kilovolt
kW	Kilowatt
KW	Kilowatt
KWIC	Key Word in Context
KWOC	Key Word Out of Context
KY	Kentucky

L Return to Index

l	Liter
l.	Links
La.	Louisiana
LA	Land access; Louisiana
L.A.	Los Angeles (Calif.)
LAAS	Local Area Augmentation System
LAC	Litografia Artistica Cartografica
LACIE	Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment
LADAR	Laser Detection and Ranging
LAGEO	Laser Geodynamic Satellite
LAGIC	Louisiana Geographic Information Center
LAMP	Low Altitude Mapping Photogrammetry
LAMPS	Laser-scan Automated Map Production System
LAMS	Large Area Mosaicing Software
LAN	Local area network
LAND	Landmark feature identification number
LANDSAT	Land Satellite
LAP	Landsat Applications Program (PNW)
LARIS	Louisiana Areal Resource Information System
LARS	Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (Purdue Univ.)
LARSYS	Laboratory of Applications of Remote Sensing Image Data Processing System (Purdue Univ.)
LAS	Land Analysis System
LASS	Land Applications Satellite System (ESA)
Lat.	Latitude
LAT	Large Area Triangulation
LAU	Landesamt fur Umweltschutz (Saarland)
LBR	Laser Beam Recorder
LC	Library of Congress (U.S.); Land cover
L/C	Land cover
LCA	Land cover analysis
LCC	Lambert conformal conic (projection)
LCD	Liquid-crystal displays
LCDB	Land Cover Database
LCDC	Land Conservation and Development
LCGMD	Library of Congress Geography and Map Div. (U.S.)
LCS	Liberian Cartographic Service
LCTY	Locality
LDLS	Lesotho Dept. of Lands, Surveys and Physical Planning
LDMG	Lesotho Dept. of Mines and Geology
LDNG	Landing
LEAF	Land Ecosystem Atmosphere Feedback
LEC	Lockheed Electronics Company
LEM	Landform Elevation Model; Lunar Escape Module
LEP	Linear Error Probable
LF	Large format; Line feed
LFC	Large format camera
LFVZ	Leichtensteinische Fremdenverkehrszentrale
lg.	lang
Lg.	Lange
LGN	Lagoon
LGS	Liberian Geological Survey; Louisiana Geological Survey
LGISC	Louisiana Geographic Information Systems Council
LGSOWOG	Landsat Ground Station Operations Working Group
lH	lichte Hohe
LI	Landmaelingar Islands
LIA	Land Information and Analysis office (USGS)
LIBER- Gdc	Ligue des Biblioth`eques Europeennes de Recherche, Groupe des cartothecaires
LICGF	Land Information & Computer Graphics Facility (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison)
LIDAR	Light Detection and Ranging
Lieut.	Lieutenant
LIM	Land identification method; Land Inventory and Management Program (USSCS)
LIMAP	Landsat Imagery Analysis Package (S.Dakota)
LINZ	Land Information New Zealand
LIS	Land information system(s); Landsat Information System; Lightening Imaging Sensor
LISCOM	Land Information Systems Committee (So. Australia)
Lith.	Lithographed; lithographer
LK	Lake
LKB	Lockwood, Kessler & Bartlett Inc.
LKC	Crater lake
LKI	Intermittent lake
LKS	Lakes
LKSC	Crater lakes
LL	Line-by-line
LLA	Adjusted line length
LLC	Line length code
LMCTF	Land Managers Cooperative Task Force (Alaska)
LMIC	Land Management Information Center
LMP	Land Management Planning
LMS	Large-scale mapping system
LMV	Statens Lantmateriverket (Sweden)
LO	Located object
L&O	Limnology & Oceanography (journal)
LOC	Library of Congress; Landsat Oversight Committee (Colorado)
LOGIC	Loveland Geographic Information/Cartographic System
LOMA	Letters of map amendment
LOMC	Letters of map correction
LOMR	Letters of map revision
Lon.	Longitude
LORAN	Long Range Navigation (system)
LOS	Land Observation Satellite (Japan); Line-of-sight
LP	Line printer
LPI	Lines per inch
LPM	Load point marker
LPS	Library Programs Service (USGPO)
LQ	Letter quality
LR	Laser Retroflector
LRD	Low resolution data
LRDA	Land Resources Data Analysis
LRDB	Low Resolution Data Base
LRDC	Land Resources Development Centre
LRIDP	Land Resources Inventory Demonstration Project (PNW)
LRIS	Land Registration and Information Service (Maritime Provinces); Land Resource Information System (S.Dakota and N. Carolina)
LRITF	Land Resources Inventory Task Force
LRM	Linear Referencing Method
LRR	Laser Retro-reflector
LRS	Linear Referencing System
LRU	Line Replaceable Unit; Line Replacement Unit
L/S	Landsat
LSAW	Land Surveyors' Assn. of Washington
LSD	Land Surface Datum; Lands and Survey Div. (Trinidad and Tobago)
LSDP	Landsat Signature Development Program (software)
LSIT	Land surveyor in training
LSN	Linear scaling number
LSO	Land Surveyors Online
LSPS	Louisiana Society of Professional Surveyors
LSR	Local Space Rectangular
LSRP	Laser Printer
Lst	Ladestelle
LST	Local Standard Time
Lt.	Lieutenant
LT	Less than; Local Time; Linear triangulation
LTC	Light transfer characteristics
LTE	Less than or equal
LTTM	Longterm Terrain Model
LTO	Land Title Office (New Zealand)
LU	Land units
L/U	Land use
LUCCAS	Land Use and Cover Change Analysis System (Pacific Meridian Resources)
LUDA	Land Use and Data Analysis (program); Land use development assistance
LU/LC	Land use, land cover
LUM	Limited update, monoscopic
LUMIS	Land Use Management Information System (JPL software)
LUMS	Land Use Management System
LUNR	Land Use and Natural Resource Information System (N.Y.)
LUPIN	Land Use Planning Information Network (CERES)
LUS	Limited update, stereo
LUST	Leaking underground storage tank
LUT	Land utilization type
LVAB-W	Landesvermessungsamt Baden-Wurttemberg
LVAN-W	Landesvermessungsamt Nordrhein-Westfalen
LVAR-P	Landesvermessungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz
LVAS	Landesvermessungsamt des Saarlandes
LVAS-H	Landesvermessungsamt Schleswig-Holstein
lW	lichte Weite
LWD	Littoral Warfare Data

M Return to Index

m	Meter
m.	mittlere
M.	Mile; mille (1,000); Mitte
MA	Mean annual; Maritime Administration
MAC	Mapping Applications Center; Mineralogical Assn. of Canada; Mapping Advisory Committee
MACA	Ministerio de Asuntos Campesinos y Agropecuarios (Bolivia)
MAD	Management Areas Database; Metro Area Disaster GIS (Oregon)
MADM	Multiple attributes decision-making
MAF	Master address file
MAFF	Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (U.K.)
MAFI	Magyar Allami Foldtani Intezet = Hungarian Geological Inst.
MAG	Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Costa Rica, Ecuador)
MAGE	Map Authoring and Generalisation Expert
MAGERT	Map and Geography Round Table (ALA)
MAGI	Maryland Automated Geographic Information System
MAGIC	Map and Geographic Information Center (University of New Mexico)
MAGSAT	Magnetic Field Satellite (U.S.)
MALSCE	Massachusetts Assn. of Land Surveyors and Civil Engineers
MAP	Map Analysis Package; Mapping Alliance Program (Space Imaging, Inc.)
MAPA	Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion (Spain)
MAPCAT	Map catalog
MAPDS	Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Direccion de Suelos (Uruguay)
MAPIS	Map Products Information System
MaPKBS	Map Projection Knowledge-based System
MAPPS	Management Assn. for Private Photogrammetric Surveyors Maps, Aerial Photo and Publication System
MAPS	Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellite
M.A.P.S.	Microcomputer-based Automated Projection System
MAPSAT	Mapping Satellite (U.S.)
MAR	Mean annual runoff
MARC	Machine Readable Cataloging (LC); Mid-America Remote Sensing Center (Murray State Univ., KY)
MARIS	Mississippi Automated Resource Information System
MARLS	Missouri Assn. of Registered Land Surveyors; Montana Assn. of Registered Land Surveyors
MAS	Millimeterwave Atmospheric Sounder
MASC	Map Activity Support Contract
Mat-Su	Matanuska-Susitna Borough (Alaska)
MAT	Medial-axis transformation
MAW	Metropolitan area window
mB	Millibar
MB	Megabyte
MBMG	Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology
MBPS	Million bits per second
MBR	Minimum bounding rectangle
MC	Mapping Center
MC&G	Mapping, Charting & Geodesy (U.S. Dept. of Defense)
MCD	Minor civil division; Major civil division
MCDM	Multi-criteria decision-making
MCE	Mapping and Charting Establishment (Canada)
MCGA	Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter
McIDAS	Map-computer Interactive Data Access System
MCIS	Maps and Chart Information System
MCM	Mid-continent Mapping Center (USGS)
MCO	Mars Climate Orbiter
MCS	Master Control Station
MD	Maryland; Metadata
MDA	Monochrome Display Adapter; MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates, Inc.
MDAS	Multispectral Data Analysis System (Bendix Corp.)
MDC	Div. de la Cartographie (Morocco)
MDD	Mineral Deposits Div., Geological Assn. of Canada
MDG	Direction de la Geologie (Morroco)
MDGLS	Missouri Div. of Geology and Land Survey
MDL	Measurement Devices Ltd.
M.D.M.	Mount Diablo Meridian
MDP	Master Data Processor
MDR	Minimum Data Recorder
MDS	Metadata standards; Multi-dimensional scaling
MDSD	Mono-Digitizer Stereo-Digitizer
MDT	Mountain Daylight Time
MDTC	Div. de la Topographie et de la Cartographie (Mauritania)
M.E.	Military Engineer; Mining Engineer
ME	Monoscopic Extraction
MECM	Miss~ao de Estudos Cartograficos de Macao
MEDEA	Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis (U.S.)
MEDS	Minimum essential data set
MEGRIN	Multipurpose European Ground Related Information Network
mehr-gesch.	mehrgeschossig
MEI	Maps Etc. Inc.
MEIS	Multispectral Electrooptical Imaging Sensor
MEM	Ministry of Energy and Minerals (Tanzania)
MEMPR	Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (British Columbia)
MENR	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Trinidad and Tobago)
MEOW	Mono-Extraction Orthophoto Workstation
MER	Minist`ere de l'Energie et des Ressources (Qu‚bec)
MERES	Mineral and Energy Resources Exploration Satellite (Japan)
MERIS	Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MERRA	Michigan Energy and Resources Research Association
MESSR	Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer
METSAT	Meteorological Satellite
MEWS	Mono-Extraction Workstation
MFC	Map Feature Coding
MFGDP	Manual of Federal Geographic Data Products
MFLOPS	Million Floating Points Operations Per Second
MFS	Maine Forest Service
MGB	Mississippi Bureau of Geology
MGE	Microstation GIS Environment (Intergraph); Modular GIS Environment
MGG	Marine Geology and Geophysics Report
MGIS	Micro Geographic Information System
MGS	Maine Geological Survey; Maryland Geological Survey; Minnesota Geological Survey; Mars Global Surveyor (satellite)
MGRS	Military Grid Reference System
MGSD	Michigan Geological Survey Div.
MGSSSR	Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR
MH	Ministry of Housing (Bahrain)
M.H.	Meierhof = dairy farm
MHTD	Missouri Highway and Transportation Dept.
MHW	Mean High Water
MHz	Megahertz
Mi.	Mile(s)
MI	Michigan; Military Intelligence; Miscellaneous Investigations (map)
MIAS	Multispectral Image Analysis System
MIEM	Minist`ere de l'Industrie et de Mines (Malagasy Republic)
MIF	Main Image File; MapInfo Interchange Format
Mil.	Military
MIL	Map and Imagery Laboratory (Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara); Milli-inch (1 thousandth of an in.)
MILSTRIP	Military Standard Requisitioning and Issue Procedures (USDMA)
MILUS	Multiple Input Land Use System (JPL software)
MIME	MultiPurpose Internet Mail Extension
Min.	Minute
Min. E.	Mineral Engineer; Mining Engineer
Minn.	Minnesota
MIO	Map Information Office
MIPS	Map and Image Processing System; Million Instructions Per Second; Mini-Image Processing System
MIS	Management Information System; Map Information System
MISR	Macaulay Institute for Soil Research
MITE	Megapixel Imaging Technology
MITES	Miniature Interferometer Terminals for Earth Survey
ML	Master Library
MLA	Multi-linear array
MLHD	Maximum likelihood (decision functions)
MLMIC	Minnesota Land Management Information Center
MLMIS	Minnesota Land Management Information System
MLRA	Major Land Resource Areas
MLTA	Maine Land Title Assn.
MLW	Mean low water
MMKS	Mjetve Mesimore Kulturore e Sportive "Hamid Shijaku" (Albania)
MMQ	Metric Map Questionnaire
MMS	Metropolitan Map Series; Minerals Management Service (U.S.); Multi-Mission Modular Spacecraft (U.S.)
MMSD	Metric Mapping Support Data
MN	Magnetic north; Mine
MNFS	Minor frame synchronization
MO	Magnetic-optical disc; Member organization; Missouri; Model orientation
MOA	Minute of angle
MODM	Multiple objectives decision-making
MODN	Module name
MODS	Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MOLDS	Inst. for Modernization of Land Data Systems
MOMS	Modular Optoelectric Multispectral Scanner
M.O.P.	Ministerio de Obras Publicas
MOPU	Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Urbanismo (Spain)
MoRAP	Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership
MOS	Marine Observation Satellite; Multispectral Optoelectric Scanner
MOSS	Map Overlay and Statistical System
MOST	Moving Objects Spatio-Temporal
MOUG	Map Online Users Group
MP	Measuring point
MPE	Map Publishing Environment
MPLIS	Multipurpose land information system(s)
Mpls.	Minneapolis
MPO	Multiproduct operation
MPP	Multi-spectral scanner preprocessor
MPRD	Modified Proportional Radial Displacement
MPRM	Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (Saudi Arabia)
MPWUPH	Ministry of Public Works, Urban Planning and Housing (Djibouti)
MR	Monoscopic revision
MRAC	Musee Royale de l'Afrique Centrale
MRB	Missouri River Basin
MRBC	Missouri River Basin Commission
MRC	Mississippi River Commission; Map Reference Code (USGS)
MRD	Mineral Resources Div. (Manitoba); Mineral Resources Dept. (Fiji); McCloud Ranger District
MRDB	Mapping Requirements Data Base System
MRI	Metadata Reference Information; Mediamark Research inc.
MRIR	Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer
MRLU	Map Reproduction and Liaison Unit
MRMS	Maritime Resources Management Service
MRS	Multispectral Resource Sampler
MrSID	Multiresolution Seamless Image Database
MRSA	Major River Systems Analysis
MRSH	Marsh
MRWS	Monoscopic Revision Workstation
ms.	Manuscript
MS	Manuscript; Mean seasonal; Milli-second; Microsoft Corp.; Monochromatic Scanner
MSA	Metropolitan statistical area; Mineralogical Society of America; Maritime Safety Agency (Japan)
MSC	Map Society of California; Mapping Science Committee (NRC)
MSD	Mapping support data; Malawi Dept. of Surveys; Mauritius Survey Dept.
MSDO	Mapping Support District Office
MS-DOS	MicroSoft Disc Operating System
MSE	Mean square error
MSEDB	Mapping Sciences Education Data Base
MSIA	Mapping Sciences Inst., Australia
MSIRI	Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Inst.
MSIS	Map Separates Information System; Model State Information System
MSL	Mean sea level
MSLS	Maine Society of Land Surveyors
MSP	Multispectral photography
.MSP	Microsoft Paint format
MSPE	Missouri Society of Professional Engineers
MSPS	Michigan Society of Professional Surveyors; Minnesota Society of Professional Surveyors
MSR	Minimal Spatial Representation
MSRLS	Michigan Society of Registered Land Surveyors
MSS	Multispectral Scanner; Maryland Society of Surveyors
MST	Mountain Standard Time
MSTS	Map Separates Tracking System
MSV	Model and Scenario Visualization
Mt.	Mount; Mountain; Mont
MT	Mountain; Montana
MTA	Major Trading Areas (FCC)
MTAE	Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitutu (Turkey)
MTC	Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones (Venezuela)
MTF	Modulation transfer function
Mtn.	Mountain
MTP	MSS Telemetry Processor
MTPE	Mission to Planet Earth (NASA)
MTS	Mountains
MTSAT	Multi-Functional Transport Satellite (Japan)
MTT	Mobile Training Teams (USDMA)
MTU	Magnetic tape unit
MUID	Map Unit ID [Identification]
MURB	Minister fur Umwelt, Raumordnung und Bauwesen (Saarland)
MW	Megawatt
M.W.	Mittelwasser
MWDI	Master Water Data Index
MWF	Map Window File

N Return to Index

n.	nordlich = northern
N	Norden = North
N.	North
NA	National Archives; National Atlas; Not available; Not applicable
NABGG	National Assn. for Black Geologists and Geophysicists
NAC	NASA Advisory Council
NACIS	North American Cartographic Information Society = Sociedad de Informacion Cartografica Norte Americana
NACo	National Assn. of Counties
NACS	National Assn. of County Surveyors
NAD	North American Datum
NAD 27	North American Datum of 1927
NAD 83	North American Datum of 1983
NADCON	North American Datum Conversion
NADEC	National Atlas Development Centre (Ghana)
NAFSMA	National Assn. of Flood and Stormwater Management Agencies
NAGT	National Assn. of Geoscience Teachers
NAHSC	National Automated Highway System Consortium
NAICS	North American Industry Classification System
NAIS	National Atlas Information Service (Canada)
NALMS	North American Lake Management Society
NALS	Nevada Assn. of Land Surveyors
NAP	Northern Affairs Program (Canada)
NAPA	National Academy of Public Administration
NAPP	National Aerial Photography Program (U.S.)
NARA	National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.)
NARC	National Association of Regional Councils
NARL	Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (Barrow, Alaska)
NARS	National Archives and Records Service (U.S.)
NARSA	National Advanced Remote Sensing Applications Program
NAS	National Academy of Sciences (U.S.); National Airspace System (U.S.)
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASBOG	National Assn. of State Boards of Geology
NASDA	National Space Development Agency (Japan)
NATM	New Austrian Tunnelling Method
NATMAP	Div. of National Mapping (Australia)
NATMO	Indian National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVD	North American Vertical Datum
NAVD 88	North American Vertical Datum 1988
NAVOCEAO	Naval Oceanographic Office (U.S.)
Navtech	Navigation Technology Seminars Inc.
NAWQUA	National Water Quality Assessment
NB	Narrow band
Nbf	Nebenbahnhof
NBFU	National Board of Fire Underwriters
NBMG	Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology
NBS	National Biological Survey (U.S.); National Bureau of Standards (U.S.); National Board of Survey = Maanmittaushallitus (Finland)
NBSM	National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (China)
NBTR	Narrow band tape record(s or -er)
NCAR	National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
NCARB	National Council of Architectural Registration Boards
NCC	National Cartographic Centre (Iran)
NCDCDS	National Committee for Digital Cartographic Standards (U.S.)
NCDS	National Cartographic Data Standard
NCDSB	National Cartographic Data Standard Base
NCE	North Coast Engineering
NCEE	National Council of Engineering Examiners
NCEES	National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
NCGA	National Computer Graphics Assn.
NCGIA	National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
NC&GS	National Charting & Geodetic Survey
NCGS	North Carolina Geological Survey
NCIC	National Cartographic Information Center (U.S.)
NCRDS	National Coal Resources Data System
NCS	National Cartographic Standards
NCSD	Nebraska Conservation and Survey Div.
NCSME	Service des Mines et de l'Energie (New Caledonia)
NCSS	North Carolina Society of Surveyors
ND	North Dakota
N-D	N-dimensional
NDAR	National Directory of Australian Resources
NDCDB	National Digital Cartographic Data Base (USGS)
NDCS	National Digital Cartographic Standards
NDF	Nevada Division of Forestry
NDG	Northern Development Group Inc.
NDGPS	National Differential GPS Network (U.S.)
NDGS	North Dakota Geological Survey
NDL	National Digital Library (Library of Congress)
NDLS	Nauru Directorate of Lands and Survey
NDNRC	Nevada Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation
NDS	National Decision Systems
NDSL	Nevada Division of State Lands
NDSPLS	North Dakota Society of Professional Land Surveyors
NDVI	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NE	Northeast
NEIS	National Earthquake Information Service
NEL	National Exploitation Laboratory
NEMO	North East Map Organization
NEPAN	National Environmental Policy Act; National Environmental Protection Act
NERDD	Networked Electronic Report & Document Distribution
NESACSM	New England Section ACSM
NESDIS	National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service
NESS	National Environmental Satellite Service
NESTA	National Earth Science Teachers Assn.
NEXRAD	Next Generation Weather Radar
NFAP	National Forest Applications Program
NFDRS	National Fire Danger Rating System
NFFL	National Forest Fire Laboratory
NFIP	National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.)
NRIRA	National Flood Insurance Reform Act (U.S.)
NFS	National Forest Service (U.S.); National Forest System; Network File System
NFWS	National Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.)
NGBN	National Gravity Base Net (U.S.)
NGCS	National Geodetic and Cartographic Service (Vietnam)
NGDC	National Geophysical Data Center (U.S.); National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse
NGDF	National Geospatial Data Files
NGI	National Geography Inst. = Kungnip Chiriwon (S. Korea)
NGIC	National Geodetic Information Center
NGMBD	National Geologic Map Database (USGS)
NGPRP	Northern Great Plains Resource Program
NGRI	National Geophysical Research Inst. (India)
NGRS	National Geodetic Reference System (U.S.)
NGS	National Geographic Society (U.S.); National Geodetic Survey (U.S.)
NGSP	National Geodetic Satellite Program
NGU	Norges Geologiske Undersokelse
NGVD	National Geodetic Vertical Datum
NGVD29	National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
NGWIC	National Ground Water Information Center
NHAP	National High Altitude Photography (program)
NHLSA	New Hampshire Land Surveyors Assn.
NHPN	National Highway Planning Network (FHWA)
NHS	National Highway System
NI	Natturfraedistofnun Islands
NICMOS	Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer
NII	National Information Infrastructure
NIIGA	Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Artiki (U.S.S.R.)
NIMA	National Imagery and Mapping Agency (U.S.)
NIPR	National Inst. for Polar Research (Japan)
NIS	Nationwide Inpatient Sample (AHCPR)
NIST	National Inst. of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
NIUA	National Inst. of Urban Affairs (India)
NIWAR	National Inst. of Water and Atmosphere Ltd. (New Zealand)
NJGS	New Jersey Geological Survey
NJIT	New Jersey Institute of Technology
NJSPLS	New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors
NJSPS	New Jersey Society of Professional Surveyors
NLA	National Land Agency (Japan)
NLAPS	National Landsat Archive Production Sytem (USGS)
NLIS	National Land Information Service (UK)
NLQ	Near-letter quality
NLRB	National Level Bibliographic Record
NLUIS	Northern Land Use Information Series (Canada)
NMAS	National Map Accuracy Standards
NMASM	New Mexico Assn. of Surveyors and Mappers
NMB	National Mapping Bureau (Papua New Guinea)
NMBM&MR	New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources
NMC	National Map Collection (Canada)
NMCC	National Map Collection of Canada
NMD	National Mapping Div. (USGS)
NMF	Network Mapping Facilities (Firm)
NMMC	National Map Managers Conference
NMP	National Mapping Program
NNE	North northeast
NNSS	Navy Navigational Satellite System
NNW	North north west
no	nordostwarts
NO	Nordosten = northeast
N.O.	New Orleans
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S.)
NOBS	Northern Ohio Bibliographic Society
NOMS	Northern Ohio Map Society
NOPPA	National Ocean Pollution Protection Act
NORTAD	North American Transportation Atlas Data
NOS	National Ocean Service (U.S.); National Ocean Survey (U.S.)
NOSC	National Oceans Systems Center
NOSS	National Oceanographic Satellite System (U.S.)
NP	Norsk Polarinstitutt
NPF	Norsk Petroleums-forening = Norwegian Petroleum Society
NPIC	National Photographic Interpretation Center (U.S.)
NPOC	Naval Polar Oceanographic Center (U.S.)
NPR	National Performance Review (U.S.)
NPRA	National Petroleum Reserve (Alaska)
NPS	National Park Service (U.S.); Nonpoint source
Nr.	Nummer = number
NRA	National Recreation Area
NRC	National Research Council; Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.)
NRCS	Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA)
NRCT	National Resources Council of Thailand
NRDD	Natural Resources Data Directory (NSW); National Resources Data Directory (Australia)
NRI	National Resources Inventory (SCS)
NRIC	National Resource Information Centre (Australia)
NRIS	National Resource Information System
NRO	National Reconnaissance Office (U.S.)
NRS	National Reference System (U.S.)
NRSA	National Remote Sensing Agency (India)
NRSC	National Remote Sensing Centre (U.K.)
NRSL	Northern Remote Sensing Laboratory (Univ. of Alaska)
NRWS	Narrows
NS	Not sprinklered
NSA	National Security Agency
NSAPI	Netscape Server Application Programming Interface
NSC	National Space Council (U.S.); National Security Council (U.S.); National Society of Cartographers
NSD	Nepal Survey Dept.
NSDC	National Spatial Data Council (U.S.)
NSDI	National Spatial Data Infrastructure; National Spatial Data Information
NSDNR	Nova Scotia Dept. of Natural Resources
NSF	National Science Foundation (U.S.)
NSGIC	National States Geographic Information Council
NSKV	Norges Sjokartverk
NSLAB	Niedersachsisches Landesamt fur Bodenforschung
NSLVA	Niedersachsisches Landesverwaltungsamt
NSN	National Satellite Network
NSPE	National Society of Professional Engineers
NSPS	National Society of Professional Surveyors
NSRFC	Nova Scotia Research Foundation Corp.
NSRS	National Spatial Reference System (NOAA)
NSS	National Soil Survey (Ireland); National Speleological Society; Navigational Safety System
NSTL	National Space Technology Laboratory
NSW	New South Wales
NTAD	National Transportation Atlas Data (U.S.)
NTD	National Topographic Database (OS)
NTDB	National Topographic Data Base (Canada)
NTDL	Northern Territory Dept. of Lands (Australia)
NTDME	Dept. of Mines and Energy (Northern Territory, Australia)
NTF	National Transfer Format (U.K.)
NTIS	National Technical Information Service (U.S.)
NTM	Notice to Mariners
NTPS	National Transportation Planning System
NTS	National Topographic Series (Canada); National Topographic System (Canada); Navigation Technology Satellite; Nevada Test Site
NTSB	National Transportation Safety Board (U.S.)
NUC	National Union Catalog
NUC CM	National Union Catalog, Cartographic Material
NURE	National Uranium Resources Evaluation (program)
NV	Nevada
NVCN	National Vertical Control Network (U.S.)
nw	nordwestlich
NW	Northwest; Nordwesten
N.W.	Niedrigwasser
NWA	National Water Alliance
NWFP	North West Frontier Province (Pakistan)
NWI	National Wetlands Inventory (USFWS); National Wilderness Inventory (Australia)
NWS	National Weather Service (NOAA)
NWSCA	National Water and Soil Conservation Authority (New Zealand)
NY	New York
N.Y.	New York
N.Y.C.	New York City
NYPL	New York Public Library
NYSAPLS	New York State Assn. of Professional Land Surveyors
NYSDOT	New York State Dept. of Transportation
NYSDT	New York State Dept. of Transportation
NYSGS	New York Geological State Geological Survey
N.Z.	New Zealand
NZFS	New Zealand Forest Service
NZGD	New Zealand Geophysics Div.
NZGS	New Zealand Geological Survey
NZMG	New Zealand Map Grid
NZMS	New Zealand Dept. of Lands and Survey
NZOI	New Zealand Oceanographic Inst.
NZSB	New Zealand Soil Survey

O Return to Index

o	ostwarts
O	Osten = east
OAB	Operational advisory broadcasts
OAC	Osterreichischer Automobil Club
OACH	Office of the Assistant Chief Hydrologist
OADCES	On-line Aerotriangulation Data Collection and Editing System
OAdW	Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
OAMTC	Osterreichischer Automobil-, Motorrad- und Touring-Club
OAS	Orbit Adjustment Subsystem; Organization of American States
OASIS	Oceanic and Atmospheric Scientific Information System
Obj.	Objekt
OBM	Ontario Basic Mapping Program
OBRP	Object representation
OBS	Office of Biological Services
OCAP	Ohio Capability Analysis Project
OCE	Office of the Chief of Engineers
OCH	Office of the Chief Hydrologist
OCLC	Ohio College Library Center
OCR	Optical Character Recognition; Optical Character Reader
OCRS	Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing
OCS	Office of Cadastral Survey (BLM); Operational Control System; Outer Continental Shelf; Ocean Color Scanner
OCTS	Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner
OD	Optical disc; Outside diameter
ODBC	Operational Database Connectivity
ODE	Open development environment
ODF	Oregon Dept. of Forestry
ODFW	Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
ODGMI	Oregon State Dept. of Minerals and Mineral Industries
ODGS	Ohio Div. of Geological Survey
ODOP	Ohio Digital Orthophotography Project
ODOT	Ohio Dept. of Transportation
OEEPE	Organisation europeene d'etudes en photogrammetrie experimentale
OESA	Office of Earth Science Applications
OF	Open file; Open-file
Offn.	Offnung = aperture, opening
OFIPLAN	Oficina de Planificacion Nacional (Costa Rica)
OFR	Open file report; Open-file report
OFSS	Open-file Services Section
OGC	Open GIS Consortium, Inc.
OGDI	Open Geospatial Datastore Interface
OGIS	Open GIS
OGRIP	Ohio Geographically Referenced Information Program
OGS	Ontario Geological Survey; Oklahoma Geological Survey
OGW	Office of Ground Water
OGWP	Office of Ground Water Protection (EPA)
OHW	Office of Hazardous Wastes Hydrology
OIA	Office of International Activities
OIG	Office of International Geology
OIH	Office of International Hydrology
OILT	Oil tank farm
OK	Okonomisk kart (Norway); Osterreichische Karte
OKAGE	Oklahoma Alliance for Geographic Education
OLAP	Online analytical processing
OLE	Object Linking/Embedding
OLS	Operational Line Scan (imaging system); Ordinary Least Squares
OMNR	Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
OMO	Other mapping organization
OMTC	Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications
ON	Original negative
ONC	Operational Navigation Chart
ONERN	Oficina Nacional de Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales (Peru)
ONIG	Office Nationale de la Geologie (Algeria)
ONPR	Office of National Petroleum Reserve (USGS)
OO	Object-Orientation
OOPEC	Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
OOSI	Osterreichisches Ost- und Sudosteuropa-Institut
OPAC	Online public access catalog; online patron access catalog
OPCS	Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (U.K.)
OPEC	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPL	Oilfield Publications
OPP	Operational Positional Procedure
OPR	Office of Planning and Research
OPS	Optical sensor(s)
OR	Oregon
OQ	Orthophoto quadrangle
ORH	Office of the Regional Hydrologist
ORID	Ortho Rectified Image Data
ORRH	Office of the Regional Research Hydrologist
ORSER	Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (Penn. State Univ.)
ORSTOM	Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre Mer
OS	Ordnance Survey (U.K.); Object space; Operating System
OSCAR	Online Satellite Catalog and Request System (NOAA)
OSD	Overseas Surveys Directorate (U.K.); Office of the Secretary of Defense (U.S.); On-screen display
OSDA	Oregon State Dept. of Agriculture
OSEC	Ocean Systems Engineering Corp.
OSEDA	Office of Social and Economic Data Analysis (Missouri)
OSFD	Oregon State Forestry Dept.
OSGB	Ordnance Survey (U.K.)
OSI	Open Systems Interconnect model; Open Systems Interconnection
OSIP	Operational Satellite Improvement Program
OSLS	Oklahoma Society of Land Surveyors
OSM	Office of Surface Mining
OSNI	Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland
OSOA	Optimal Statistical Objective Analysis
OSP	Office of State Planning
OSS	Office of Strategic Services (U.S.)
OSSI	Optronic Sensor for Stereo Imagery
OSTA	Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications (NASA)
OSTF	Ordnance Survey Transfer Format
OSTZ	Osterreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt
OSU	Oregon State University
OSW	Office of Saline Water; Office of Surface Water
OTA	Office of Technology Assessment
OTC	Over-the-counter; Office for Topography and Cartography (Tunisia)
OTF	On-the-fly
OTH	Over the horizon
OTHT	Over the horizon targeting
O.U.	Open under
OUCLS	Ontario Universities' Library Cooperative System
OUO	Official use only
OVN	Optical visible near-infrared
OW	Oil well
OWDC	Office of Water Data Coordination
OWRD	Oregon Water Resources Dept.
OWRR	Office of Water Resources and Research
OWRT	Office of Water Research and Technology

P Return to Index

P	Precision
PAA	Priority abatement areas
PAAD	Program Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions
PAC	Photo Annotation/Classification; Publications Advisory Committee (WAML)
PACOG	Pueblo Area Council of Governments
PACON	Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology
PADCO	Planning and Development Cooperative International
PAGIS	Planning and Geographic Information Systems (Hawaii); Pulaski (County, Ark.) Area Geographic Information System
PAIGH	Pan-American Inst. of Geography and History
PAL	Prime agricultural lands
PALIS	Ponds and Lakes Information System
PAM	Port-A-Meter; Point access methods
PAN	Polska Akademia Nauk
PAPS	Pooled Analytical Plotter System
PAS	Pacific Aerial Surveys
PASDA	Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access system
PASP	Planning and Analysis Section
PAT	Polygon Attribute Table
PAVE	Package for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental Data
Pbf	Personenbahnhof = Passenger railway station
PBM	Portable Bitmap (format)
PBO	Performance-based organization
PC	Personal Computer; Principal components
PCC	Professional competency credit
PC-DOS	Personal Computer-Disc Operating System
PCGN	Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use
PCH	Professional competency hour
PCLI	Independent political entity (republic)
P-Code	Precise code; Protected code
.PCX	PC Paintbrush Export Format
PD	Precision digitizing; Publications Div. (USGS)
PDA	Personal digital assistant; Portable data access
P&DC	Printing & Distribution Center
PDF	Platform Data File; Portable Document Format
PDH	Professional development hour
PDL	Page Description Language; Positioning Data Link (Pacific Crest Corp.)
PDQ	Public Data Queries, Inc.
PDR	Preliminary Design Review (U.S. government)
PDT	Pacific Daylight Time; Precision digitizing table
PDU	Professional development unit
PDWS	Precision digitizing workstation
P.E.	Photogrammetric Engineer; Professional Engineer
PECG	Professional Engineers in California Government
PEN	Peninsula
Pers.	Personen
PE&RS	Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing (journal)
PES	Post enumeration survey
Pf.	Pfeiler
PFLP	Point-feature label placement
PGM	Permanent ground monument
.PGM	Portable Graymap (format)
PG/S	Product Generation Segment
P.H.	Power house
PHC	Probable hydrologic consequences
PHIGS	Programmer Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System
PHODIS	Photogrammetric Image Processing System (Carl Zeiss Inc.)
PI	Pseudo intelligence; Photo interpretation
PIC	Public Information Center
.PIC	Lotus 1-2-3 Picture Format
PICG	Programme International de Correlation Geologique
PID	Photoionization detector; Permanent station identifier
PIDL	Polygon ID left
PIDR	Polygon ID right
PIG	Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny (Poland)
PIN	Parcel identification number
PIO	Public Inquiries Office (USGS)
PIOS	Polygon Information Overlay System (ESRI)
Pixel	Picture element
PK	Peak
PKM	Penyiasatan Kajimbumi Malaysia; Professional Kansas Mapper
PKS	Peaks
PL	Programming language; Public law
PLAT	Plateau
PLF	Point Location File
PLGR	Precision lightweight GPS receiver
PLN	Plain
PLOT	Plotting (software)
PLS	Professional Land Surveyor
PLSC	Professional Land Surveyors of Colorado
PLSO	Professional Land Surveyors of Oregon; Professional Land Surveyors of Ohio
PLSS	Public Land Survey System (U.S.)
PMA	Production and Marketing Administration (USDA)
PM/S	Production Management Segment
PMSA	Primary metropolitan statistical area
PMT	Positive media transfer; Photomultiplier tube
PND	Pond
PNDI	Intermittent pond
.PNG	Portable Network Graphics (format)
PNRC	Pacific Northwest Regional Commission
PNDS	Ponds
PNRS	Preliminary Natural Resources Survey
PNW	Pacific Northwest
PO	Photogrammetric Operations; Post office
P&O	Plans & Operations
POAM	Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement
POC	Point of contact; Point of control
POES	Polar-Orbiting Satellites (NOAA)
POLYID	Polygon identification number
POS	Point-of-scale
POSIX	Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (UNIX)
POTS	Pan-only Triangulation System
PP	Proof plot; Proof plotter
PPB	Parts per billion
PPDB	Point Positioning Data Base
PPGIS	Public participation GIS
PPL	Populated place
PPM	Portable Pixelmap (format)
PPMS	Photogrammetry Production Monitoring System
PPNL	Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PPNM	Pengarah Pemetaan Negara, Malaysia
PPP	Point-to-point (protocol account, for email connections)
PPPG	Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi
PPS	Precise Positioning Service; Photographic Processing System
PPSS	Precise Positioning Service Security Module
PPWK	Panstwowe Przedsiebiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych (Poland)
PR	Photo revision; Precipitation Radar; Pattern recognition
PRF	Point response function
PRIM	Primary Map (inventory)
PRO	Public Record Office (U.K.)
PROSIX	Production System (USGS)
PROSYS	Production System--UNIX (USGS)
PS	Plot Services; Point source; PostScript; Paleontological Society; Polar stereographic (projection)
PSA	Paciulli, Simmons & Associates Ltd.
PSAN	Professional Surveyors Assn. of Nebraska
PSCOG	Puget Sound Council of Governments
PSI	Planning Systems, Inc.
PSLS	Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors
PSMA	Professional Services Management Assn.
PSSC	Public Service Satellite Corp.
PST	Pacific Standard Time
PSU	Primary sampling unit
PT	Point
PTC	Positive train control
Pts.	Points
PUBGRF90	TIGER Geographic Reference File Names, 1990
PUG	Petroleum Users Group (ESRI)
PUMS	Public Use Micro-Data Sample
PURL	Persistent URL software
PVT	Position, Velocity and Time

Q Return to Index

QA	Quality assurance
QA/QC	Quality assurance/quality control
QBS	Quality-based selection
QC	Quality control
QDF	Queensland Dept. of Forestry
QDM	Queensland Dept. of Mines
Q.H.	Quadruple hydrant
QINSy	Quality Integrated Navigation System (Quality Positioning Services, Inc.)
QLID	Queensland Land Information Directory
QLIS	Queensland Land Information Strategy
QLPS	Quick-Look Processing System
qm	Quadratmeter
QMSoft	Qualitative Marketing Software Inc.
QS	Quadratic splines
QSL	Quarter scan line
QTM	Quaternary triangular mesh
QW	Quality of water

R Return to Index

r.	rechts
R	Range; Release; Ruin
R&A OSS	Research and Analysis Branch, Office of Strategic Services (U.S.)
RAD	Rapid development application
RAID	Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
RAIM	Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (GPS)
RALI	Resource and Land Information; Resource and Land Investigations (program LIA)
RALS	Random access logical subfiles
RAM	Random access memory
RAP	Regional applications program
RAS	Remote Analysis Systems
RASC	Royal Australian Survey Corps.
RATP	Regie autonome des transports parisiens
RBDS	Radio broadcast data system
RBE	Rule-Base Engine
RBI	River Basin Investigation
RBMS	Relational Database Management System
RBV	Return Beam Vidicon
RCA	Radio Corporation of America
RCC	Regional census center
RCH	Reach
RCIC	Regional Coastal Information Center
RCID	Record ID [Identification]
RCRA	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RCS	Research Camera System
RCSSMRS	Regional Centre for Services in Surveying and Mapping and Remote Sensing (Nairobi)
RCWD	Rancho California Water District
R&D	Research and development
RDBMS	Relational database management system
RDGE	Ridge
RDI	Resource Data International Inc.
RDS	Radio data system
RDTS	Research and Development Tracking System (BLM)
RE	Royal Engineers (U.K.)
REA	Rural Electrification Administration (U.S.)
REAP	Regional Environmental Applications Program (N. Dakota)
REC	Recompile(d)
RE COMP	Recompile
RECOMP	Recompilation
REDI	Real Estate Data Inc.
Reichsb	Reichsbahn
Reichsbf	Reichsbahnhof
RELOS	Regional Locator System
RepCode	Representation Code
RESCU	Remote Emergency Satellite Cellular Unit
RESTEC	Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan
RET	Rotterdamsche Electrische Tram
RETSAM	Review, Editing and Tagging Software for Automated Mapping
REU	Resources Evaluation Unit (USFS)
Rev	Revised
REVPG	Revision and Product Generation System
RF	Representative fraction; Reef
RfC	Reference concentration
RFPMG	Radar Fixed Point Minigraphic
RGB	Red-green-blue
Rgbf	Rangierbahnhof = Shunting station
RGD	Rijks Geologische Dienst (Netherlands)
RGS	Royal Geographical Society (U.K.)
RH	Regional hydrologist; Relative humidity
RIAI	Royal Inst. of Architects of Ireland
RICS	Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (U.K.)
RIG	RETSAM/Intergraph/Giant
RIJP	Rijksdienst voor de IJsselmeerpolders (Netherlands)
RIN	Realty Information Network
RINEX	Receiver Independent Exchange (GPS data format)
RIP	Raster Image Processing; Raster Image Processor; Road Inventory Program
RIPS	Remote Image Processing System; Remote Information Processing System
RIRT	Russian Inst. of Radionavigation and Time
RIS	Rapid Imaging Software; Retroreflector in Space
RISC	Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RKSW	Rocks in water
RKW	Rock in water
RL	Rannsoknastofnun Landbunadarins (Iceland)
RLE	Run-length encoded
RM	Replacement mapping
RMA	Reliability, Maintainability and Availability
RMCA	Road Map Collectors of America
RMK	R.M. Keddal & Associates, Inc.
RMM	Rocky Mountain Mapping Center (USGS)
RMSE	Root mean squared error
RMT	Remotely measured target
RNRC	Renewable Natural Resources Center
RNRF	Renewable Natural Resources Foundation
RO	Range only
RODOBRAS	Comiss~ao Especial construc~ o da Rodovia Belem-Brasilia
ROM	Read-Only Memory
ROMANSE	Road Management System for Europe
ROMP	Regional Observation Monitoring (well) Program
ROP	Raster operations processor
R-O-W	Right-of-Way
RP	Reference point
RPDS	Rapids
RPE	Regional political ecology
RPID	Representation module ID
RPIE	Replacement Photographic Image Equipment
RQA	River Quality Assessment
RPMIS	Real Property Management Information System
RPP	RBV Preprocessor
RPU	Remote positioning unit
RRDS	Reduced Resolution Data Set
RRH	Regional Research Hydrologist
R/S	Remote sensing
RSAL	Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory (Univ. of Washington)
RSC/TAMU	Remote Sensing Center/Texas A&M Univ.
RSI	Remotely Sensed Imagery; RADARSAT International Remote Sensing Institute (S.Dakota State Univ.)
RSIP	Remote Sensing and Image Processing
RSRP	Remote Sensing Research Program (Univ. of Calif., Berkeley)
RSRT	Resort
RSSC	Remote Sensing Science Council
RST	Representation Style Table
RSTF	Remote Sensing Task Force
RSTN	Railroad station
RSV	Reservoir
RSVP	Resource reservation protocol
RT	Radio tower; Real time; Remote terminal
RTA	Regional Transport Authority (Illinois)
RTCM	Radio Technical Commission for Maritime (format)
RTF	Rich Text Format
RT-GPS	Real-time Differential GPS
RTK	Real-time kinematic; Right-to-Know Network
RTP	Real Time Positioning
R&TS	Research & Technical Standards
RTSD	Royal Thai Survey Dept.
RTSI	Routing Technology Software Inc.
RTTK	Real Time TurboKinematic (Allen Obsobne Associates)
RTV	Raster to vector
RUIN	Ruins
RUIS	San Diego Regional Urban Information System
RUS	Rest of the U.S.
RV	Reise- und Verkehrsverlag
R-VIS	Reality Visualization
RVP	Raster-to-vector processor; Radar Verification Programme

S Return to Index

s.	Sculpsit (engraver); sudlich = southern, southerly
S	Secret; Store; Suden = south
SA	Selected availability; Selective availability; Signal accuracy; Situational awareness; Source acquisition
S&A	Sampling and analysis
SAA	Southern Appalachian Assessment (GIS database)
SAC	Sectional aeronautical chart
SACC	Spatial Analysis Coordinating Committee
SADIE	System at Arizona for Digital Information Extraction
SADL	South Australia Dept. of Lands
SADME	South Australian Dept. of Mines and Energy
SADR	Spatial address
SAE	Survey Agro Ekonomi (Indonesia)
SAF	Society of American Foresters
SAGA	Short Arc Geodetic Adjustment (doppler)
SAGEEP	Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems
SAIC	Science Applications International Corp.
SaLIS	Surveying and Land Information Systems (journal)
SALT	Salina
SAM	Spatial access methods
SAMAB	Southern Appalachian Man and Biosphere (project)
SAMSOG	Surveying and Mapping Society of Georgia
SANAIS	South African Natural Areas Information System
SAR	Synthetic aperture radar
SA/S	Source Aquisition Segment
SAST	Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team (U.S.)
SAT	Small area triangulation
SAW	Spill analysis workstation; Surface acoustic wave
SAZU	Slovenske Akademije Znanosti in Umetnosti = Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Art
SB	Survey of Bangladesh
SBCDP	Small Business Competitiveness Demonstration Program (U.S.)
SBM	Surveys and Mapping Branch (Manitoba)
SBUV	Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (spectrometer)
sc.	Sculpsit = engraver
S/C	Spacecraft
SCADA	Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCAMP	Southern California Aerial Mapping Project
SCAR	Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
SCB	Statistika Centralbyran (Sweden)
SCC	Servico de Cartografia e Cadastro (Macao); SoftCopy Catalog (USDMA)
SCCAMA	Southern California Computer Aided Mapping Assn.
SCD	Source Control Drawing; Specification Control Drawing
SCEP	Servico Cartografico do Exercito (Portugal)
SCERP	Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy
SCGP	Societe Canadienne des Geologique Petroliers
SCGS	South Carolina Geological Survey
Sch	School
SCH	School
Scheit-elst.	Scheitelstarke
Schl.	Schloss = castle
SCO	State Cartographer's Office (Wisconsin)
SCOOP	Schedule Control of Orthophoto Products
SCOPE	Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment
SCR	Service Cartographique du Rwanda
SCS	Soil Conservation Service (USDA)
SCSA	Standard Consolidated Statistical Area; Soil Conservation Society of America
SCSI	Small computer system interface
SCSMAC	South Carolina State Mapping Advisory Committee
SCSPLS	South Carolina Society of Professional Land Surveyors
sct.	Sculpsit (engraver)
SCTRAP	South Carolina Toxic Risk Atlas Project
sculp.	Sculpsit (engraver)
SCWRC	South Carolina Water Resources Commission
SD	South Dakota
S.D.	South Dakota
SDB	Spatial data base
SDE	Spatial Database Engine (ESRI)
SDES	Spatial Data Exchange Standard
SDG	Survey Dept. Ghana
SDGS	South Dakota Geological Survey
SDH	Spatial data handling
SDI	Selected Dissemination of Information
SDL	Survey Dept. of Libya
SDLC	Synchronous Data-Like Control; System Development Life Cycle
SDMG	Direction des Mines et de la Geologie (Senegal)
SDNR	State Dept. of Natural Resources
SDOI	Spatial Data Organization Information
SDPS	Spatial Data Production System
SDRW	Societe de Developpement Regional pour la Wallonie
SDS	Swaziland Dept. of Surveys; Simplicial data structure
SDSB	Satellite Data Services Branch (NOAA)
SDSS	Spatial decision support systems
SDTP	Spatial data transfer processor
SDTS	Spatial Data Transfer Standard
SDUK	Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
SE	Southeast
SEAMS	Soil, Environmental, and Agricultural Management System (Univ. of Florida Dept. of Soil and Water)
SEASAT	Sea Satellite (U.S.)
SEATO	Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
SECFT	Sociedad Espa~nola de Cartografia, Fotogrametria y Teledeteccion
SEDAC	Socioeconomic Data and Application Center
SEDESOL	Secretaria de Dessarrollo Social (Mexico)
SEDUE	Secretaria de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecologia (Mexico)
SEG	Society of Economic Geologists; Society of Exploration Geophysicists
S.E.O.P.	Secretaria de Estado de Obras Publicas (Argentina)
SEOS	Stationary Earth Orbit Satellite
SEPA	State Environmental Protection Agency
SEPM	Society for Sedimentary Geology
SERIES	Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying
Serna- geomin	Servicio Nacional Geologia y Mineria (Chile)
SES	Standalone Edit Stations
SESCPF	Service d'Etude des Sols et de la Carte Pedalogique de France
SEVIRI	Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager
SEWUG	Southeastern Water Use Group
S.F.	San Francisco
SfBWW	Senator fur Bau- und Wonungswesen (Berlin)
SFHA	Special Flood Hazard Area
SFQL	Structured Full-text Query Language
SfSU	Senator fur Stadtentwicklung und Umweltschutz (Berlin)
SGA	Societe Geoscientifique de l'Atlantique; State Geologic Agencies; Service Geologique de l'Armee (Syria)
SGB	Service Geologique Belgique; Servicio geologico de Bolivia
SGCB	State Geodesy and Cartography Board (Mongolia)
SGD	Solar Geophysical Data (journal); Symbolized Graphic Data; Surveyor General's Dept. (South West Africa)
SGE	Servicio Geografico del Ejercito (Spain)
SGG	Service Geologique du Gabon
SGpK	Schweizerische Geophysikalische Kommission
SGI	Servicio Geologico d'Italia; Silicon Graphics workstation
SGK	Schweizerische Geologische Kommission
SGL	Service Geologique de Luxembourg
SGM	Servicio Geografico Militar (Uruguay)
SGML	Standard generalized markup language
SGN	Servicio Geologico Nacional (Argentina, Nicaragua); Service Geographique National (Laos)
SGS	Stanford Geological Survey
SGtK	Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission
SGU	Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning; Savezna Geodetska Uprava (Yugoslavia)
SHA	State Highway Administration (Maryland)
SHAPE	Systematic Horizontol Adjustment of Positional Errors
SHDSL	Symmetric High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
SHEF	Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange Format
SHN	Servicio de Hidrografia Naval (Argentina)
SHOALS	Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne LIDAR System (USCE)
SHOL	Shoal
SHOM	Service Hydrographique et Ocenographique de la Marine (France)
SHORAN	Short-range Navigation (system)
SHS	Surveyors Historical Society
S., I.	John Speed
SI	Survey of India; Survey of Israel
SIAC	Spatial Information and Analysis Consortium
SIAN	Service d'information de l'atlas nationale (Canada)
SIAT	Special Image Annotation Tape
SIB	Solar Indices Bulletin
SIC	Standard Industrial Classification
SICC	Surveying Instrumentation and Coordinate Computation
SICO	Schonstedt Intstrument Company
SICOM	South Australian Spatial Information Committee
SID	Scanned Image Data; South Australian Spatial Information Directory
SIF	Standard Interchange Format (Intergraph)
SIG	Sistemas de informacion geografica; Special interest group
SIGACE	Special Interest Group for the Application of CD-ROM in Education
SIGCAT	Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications & Technology (U.S.)
SIGGRAPH	Special Interest Group on Graphics (ACM)
SIGIT	Swedish Institute for Geographic Information Technology
SIGLIT	Special Interest Group on Library Information Technology (U.S.)
SIGS	Solomon Islands Geological Survey
SIGSA	Sistemas de Informacion Geografica S.A.
SIM	Spatial interaction model
SIP	Scanner Interface Processor
SIPES	Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists
SIR	Shuttle Imaging Radar; Space Imaging Radar (NASA); Surveys, Investigations and Research (USGS)
SIRS	Satellite Infrared Spectrometer
SIRU	Soils and Irrigation Research Unit (South Africa)
SIS	Standard Indexing System (DOD aerial photography); Spatial Information Systems (Computer Aided Development Corp.)
SISMD	Solomon Islands Survey and Mapping Div.
SK	Survey of Kenya; Slovenska Kartografia
SKV	Statens Kartverk (Norway)
s.l.	Sine loco = without place (of publication)
SLA	Special Libraries Assn.
SLAC	Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
SLAGMD	Special Libraries Assn. Geography & Map Div.
SLAP	Soils Landscape Analysis Project; Supplemental Low Altitude Photography
SLAR	Side-Looking Airborne Radar
SLAT	Spacecraft Location/Attitude Tape
SLD	Slope-Line Detection
SLD29	Sea Level Datum of 1929
SLF	Standard Linear Format
SLG	Symbolized Line Graph; Synthetic Line Generation
SLGSD	Sri Lanka Geological Survey Dept.
SLIP	Serial Line Internet Protocol
SLM	Structure line model
SLP	Slope(s)
SLR	Satellite Laser Ranging; Side-looking Radar
SLSD	Sri Lanka Survey Dept.
SLSI	Society of Land Surveyors of Iowa
SLUPD	Swaziland Land Use Planning Dept.
sm	Seemeile
SM	Survey Manual
SMA	Schweizerische Meteorologische Anstalt
SMAC	State Mapping Advisory Committee (or Council)
SMB	Surveys and Mapping Branch (Manitoba)
SMC	Special Mapping Center
SMCRA	surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
SMD	Surveys and Mapping Div. (Tanzania)
SME	Softcopy Monoscopic Extraction; Society of Mining Engineers; society for Mining, Metalurgy, and Exploration, Inc.
SMI	Surveyors Module, Inc.
SMIB	Surveying and Mapping Inst. of Beijing
SMIMS	Single MIM-Based Integrated Mapping System (USBC)
SMIRR	Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer
SMIPS	Small Interactive Image Processing System
SMMR	Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
SMMT	Submilimeter Telescope
SMN	Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (Argentina)
SMOW	Standard Mead Ocean Water
SMS	Synchronous Meteorological Satellite(s)
SMSA	Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
S/N	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
s.n.	Sine nomine = without name (of publisher)
SNARIL	Social, Natural, and Agricultural Resources Information Laboratory (Univ. of Kentucky)
SNCF	Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer (France)
SND	Street Network Database
SNEP	Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project
SNF	Superior National Forest (Minn.)
SNGM	Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)
SNI	Siemens Nixdorf Information Systems AG
SNID	Startnode ID
SNIG	Sistema Nacional de Informac~ao Geografica = Portuguese National Infrastructure for Geographic Information
SNLCS	Servico Nacional de Levantamento e Conservac~ao de Solos (Brazil)
SNM	Square nautical miles
SNR	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SNRIM	Subcommittee on Natural Resources
SNT	Servicio Nacional de Turismo (Chile)
SODEMI	Societe pour le Developpement Minier de la Cote d'Ivoire
SOFRATOP	Societe Francais de Travaux Topographique et Photogrammetriques
SOHO	Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Satellite
SOLE	Spatial On-Line Editor (ESRI)
SOM	Space Oblique Mercator (projection)
SONAR	Sound Navigation and Ranging
SONATRACH	Societe Nationale de Recherches de l'Explorations Mini`eres (Algeria)
SOP	Secretaria de Obras Publicas
SORSA	Spatially-Oriented Referencing Systems Assn.
SOS	Survey Office System
SOWR	Sensitivity of Water Resources (global change hydrology program)
SP	Survey of Pakistan
SPANS	Spatial Analysis System (TYDAC Technologies)
SPARRSO	Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organisation
SPB	Space Planning Bureau
SPC	State Plane Coordinate (system(s))
SPC RE	Survey Production Centre, Royal Engineers (U.K.)
SPCS	State Plane Coordinate System(s)
SPDK	Sistem Pengurusan Data Kadaster (Malaysia)
SPEK	Sistem Pengeshan Kualiti = Quality Assurance System (SPDK)
SPID	Sistem Pengurusan Imej Dokumen = Certified Plan Image Database (SPDK)
SPIE	Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
SPIN-2	Space Information-2 Meter Data (Russian Space Agency)
SPIRE	Spatial Paradigm for Information Retrieval and Exploration
SPO	State Planning Office
SPOEM	Special Projects Office for Exploitation Modernization (USDMA)
SPOT	Syst`eme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (satellite)
SPOTS	Standard Programming of Telemetry Systems
SPRI	Scott Polar Research Inst. (Univ. of Cambridge)
SPS	Standard Positioning Service
SP/S	Source Preparation Segment
SPT	Strathclyde Passenger Transport
SPVEA	Superintendencia do Plano de Valorizac o Economica da Amazonia (Brazil)
SQL	Standard Query Language; Structured Query language
SRBC	Susquehanna River Basin Commission
SRES OP	Special Report on Emission Scenarios Open Process
SRF	Systematic reconnaissance flights
SRI	Spatial Reference Information
SRMB	Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch (British Columbia)
SROM	Spectro-radiometer for Ocean Monitoring
SSA	Seismological Society of America
SSCC	SPAWAR Systems Center, Charleston
SSSA	Soil Science Society of America
SSD	Singapore Survey Dept.; Sudan Survey Dept.
SSE	South Southeast
SSEW	Soil Survey of England and Wales
SSEOP	Space Shuttle Observation Project (U.S.)
SSGN	Service Geographique National (Senegal)
SSK	Stereo Softcopy Kit (Intergraph Corp.)
SSMC	Silver Spring Metro Center (NOAA)
SSS	Side Scan SONAR
SSU	Strategic Services Unit (U.S. War Dept.); Secondary sampling unit
SSURGO	Soil Survey Geographical (database)
SSW	South Southwest
St	Saint; Street
STAAC	Space and Terrestrial Applications Advisory Committee
STAC	State Technology Applications Centers (NASA)
StatsCan	Statistics Canada
STATSGO	State Geographic Database (U.S.)
Stb.	Steinbruch = stone quarry
STC	Standard Telephones & Cables PLC; Stanford Technology Corp.
STCB	Survey Technician Certification Board (ASCM)
Stde.	Stunde = hour
STDM	Stadium
STDN	Spacecraft Tracking and Data Network
STF	Summary tape file
STIBOKA	Stichting voor Bodemkartering (Netherlands)
STINASU	Stichting Natuurbescherming Suriname
STK	Satellite Tool Kit (Analytical Graphics, Inc.)
STM	Stream; System test mode
STMA	Anabranch
STMD	Distributary
STMI	Intermittent stream
STMM	Stream mouth
Str.	Strasse = street
STRT	Strait
STV	Service Topographique (Vanuatu)
SU	Standard update; Stanford University
SUC	Society of University Cartographers
SUDENE	Superintendencia de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Brazil)
SuDocs	Superintendent of Documents (U.S.)
SUDSS	Spatial understanding and decision support system
SUGK	Slovak Office of Geodesy and Cartography
SUM	Standard update, monoscopic
SUNI	Stockholms Universitet Naturgeografiska Institutionen
SUNMAP	Dept. of Natural Resources (Queensland) and its earlier names: Dept. of Lands; Division of Information, Dept. of Lands; Dept. of Geographic Information; Dept. of Mapping and Surveying
Sur.	Surveyor
SUS	Standard update, stereoscopic
SV	Space vehicle
SVD	Singular Value Decomposition
S-VGA	Super Video Graphics Array
SVP	Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
SW	Software; Southwest; Surface water
S/W	Software
SWA	Super-wide angle
SWAB	Southwest Alluvial Basins (project, NM)
SWDC	Southwestern Colorado Data Center
SWG	Standards working group
S.W.P.A.	Southwest Pacific Area (Allied Forces)
SYCI	System Corrected Images

T Return to Index

t	Tonne
t.	tief = deep
T	Township; photogrammetric elevation (measured with stereo plotter)
T.	Tiefe = depth
TAC	Terrain Analysis Center (USCE)
TACA	Transportes Aereos Centro Americanos
TACAN	Tactical Air Navigation
TAG	Tabular and Graphic (system)
TAPS	Tennessee Assn. of Professional Surveyors
TAR	Tape address register
TARGA	TrueVision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter
TASC	Transportation Administration Service Center (US); The Analytic Sciences Corp.
TASMAP	Tasmania Dept. of Lands
TAVO	Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients
TAZ	Traffic analysis zone
TBD	To be determined
TBM	Temporary bench mark; Tunnel boring machine
TBV	To be verified
T.C.H.	Thomas Campanius Holm
TCI	Touring Club Italiano
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCT	Trans-continental Traverse (U.S.)
TD	Thematic data; Topographic Div. (USGS); Total depth
TdA	Teledeteccion Aplicada, S.A.
TDC	Tennessee Dept. of Conservation
TDD	Telecommunications Device for the Deaf
TDM	Tasmania Dept. of Mines
TDN	Topografische Dienst Nederland
TDR	Time Domain Reflectrometry
TDRSS	Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
TDS	Tripod Data Systems
TDSA	Tribal designated statistical area
TDT	Terrestrial Dynamic Time
T.E.	Topographical Engineer
TEC	The Engineering Center; Topographic Engineering Center (USCE)
TEFIS	Transmission Electrical Facilities Information System (Santee Cooper)
TEKPLOT	Tektronix Plotting (DLG software)
TELEX	Teletypewriter Exchange
TELNET	Telecommunications Network
TERCOM	Terrain Contour Matching
TERSS	Tasmanian Earth Resource Satellite Station
TES	Terrain Edit System
TESC	Tile enclosed elevator with self-closing traps
TESEMPS	Terrain Edit Station/Elevation Matrix Processing System
TEXPLOT	Tektronix Plotting (DLG software)
TFC	Forestry Commission Tasmania
TFEL	Thin-film electrolumiscent
TFH	Technische Fachhoschule (Berlin)
TGS	Technicolor Graphic Services, Inc.
T., G.M.	Giuseppe Maria Terreni
T.H.	Triple hydrant; Territory of Hawaii
THSOA	The Hydrographic Society of America
TI	Technical instruction; Technical investigation; Texas Instruments; Topographic instruction
TIC	Technical Information Center (NASA)
.TIF	Tagged Image File
TIFF	Tagged Image File Format
TIGA	Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture
TIGER	Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
TIGRIS	Topologically Integrated Geographic Resource and Information System
TIMS	Therms Infrared Multispectral Scanner
TIN	Triangulated irregular network
TIRS	Thermal Infrared Scanner
TJSA	Tribal jurisdiction statistical area
TLI	Terrain Line Interpolation
TLID	TIGER/Line Record Identification Number
TLM	Telemetry; Topographic Line Map
TLSD	Tuvalu Lands and Survey Div.
TLV	Threshold limit value
TM	Thematic Mapper (Landsat); Timber management
TMAC	Technical Mapping Advisory Council (U.S.)
TMC	The Map Collector (journal)
TMDL	Total maximum daily load
TMLS	Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources (Tonga)
TMS	Thematic Mapper Simulator; Topographic Mapping Service (Geomatics Canada)
TNP	Transportation Network Profile
TNRIS	Texas Natural Resources Information system
T-O	Orbis terrarum (Medieval European map type: Nile and Don rivers and Mediterranean form a "T" surrounded by ocean in the shape of an "O")
TOPOCOM	U.S. Army Topographic Command
Tp.	Township
TPC	Tactical Pilotage Chart
TPM	Theodolitprufmachine
TPS	Thin-plate splines
TQ	Topographic quadrangle
TR	Township and Range (public land survey)
TRACE	Topographic Resources and Cost Evaluation (system)
Trafo	Transformator
TRB	Technical Review Board (U.S.)
TRF	Terrestrial Reference Frame
Trgf.	Tragfahigkeit = Carrying capacity
TRI	Toxic Release Inventory (USEPA)
T/RS	Township/Range System
TRSC	Thailand Remote Sensing Center
TS	Top secret
TSC1	Trimble System Controller
TSD	Treatment, storage and disposal sites
TSGS	Topographic Section, General Staff (Gt. Brit.)
TSI	Teqnical Services Inc.
TSOP	The Society for Organic Petrology
TSPS	Texas Society of Professional Surveyors
TSS2	TurboSurvey Software 2
TT	TT Maps & Publications Private Ltd.
TTD	Tactical terrain data
TTY	Teletype
TUNS	Technical University of Nova Scotia
TVA	Tennessee Valley Authority
TVP	Topological vector profile
TWA	Time-weighted average
Twp.	Township

U Return to Index

U	Unclassified
UA	Urbanized area
UAM	United Aerial Mapping; Urban Airshed Model (USEPA)
UART	Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UAS	Urban Area Studies
UC	Univ. of California
UCAID	Univ. Corp. for Advanced Internet Development
UCB	Univ. of California, Berkeley
UCD	Univ. of California, Davis
UCDL	University of California Digital Library
UCGIS	Univ. Consortium for GIS
UCLGES	Unified Cartographic Line Graph Encoding System
UCPTE	Union for the Coordination of the Production and Transport of Electric Power
UCS	Uniform Color Space
UCSB	Univ. of California, Santa Barbara
UDA	User data area
UDB	Universal Data Base
UDC	Universal Decimal Classification
UDF	Universal Data Format
UDNR	Utah Dept. of Natural Resources
UDOGM	Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining
UDP	User Datagram Protocol
UDS	Urban Data Solutions
UDSL	Utah Division of State Lands
UDWR	Utah Division of Water Resources
UE	Useful elevation
UGB	Urban growth boundary
UGC	Utility Graphics Consultants
UGID	Universal Geographic Identity
UGMS	Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
UGSMD	Uganda Geological Survey and Mines Dept.
UHF	Ultra-high frequency
UHMS	Urban Hydrology Monitoring System
UID	User identification
UK	United Kingdom
UKMO	United Kingdom Meteorological Office
ULCC	Utility Location and Coordination Council
ULSD	Uganda Dept. of Lands and Surveys
UN	United Nations
UNAM	Universidad Nacional de Mexico
UNCLA	Unclassified
UNDP	United Nations Development Program
UNECA	United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNEP	United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNGEGN	United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
UNIMACE	Universal Automated Mapping Compilation Equipment
Univ.	University
UNR	Univ. of Nevada, Reno
UP	Urban planning
UPADI	Union Panamerica de Asociaciones de Ingenieros
UPC	Universal Product Code
UPPS	Universal Projection Plotting System
UPRN	Unique Property Reference Number
UPS	Universal polar stereographic
UR	Universal Rectifier
U/R	Urban/rural
URISA	Urban and Regional Information Systems Assn.
URUID	Unrectified image data
URL	Universal Resource Locator; Uniform Resource Locator
URPI	Unit for Retail Planning Information Ltd.
URS	Unrestricted random sample
U.S.	United States of America
USA	United States of America; United States Army
USACERL	U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories
USAETL	United States Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories
USAF	United States Air Force
USARP	United States Antarctic Research Program
USB	Unified S-Band
USBC	United States Bureau of the Census
USC	Unified soil classification
USC&GS	United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
USCE	United States Army Corps of Engineers
USCG	United States Coast Guard
USCS	United States Customary System
USD	Univ. of South Dakota
USDA	United States Dept. of Agriculture
USDC	United States Dept. of Commerce
USDI	United States Dept. of the Interior
USEPA	United States Environmental Protection Agency
USDMA	United States Defense Mapping Agency
USFS	United States Forest Service
USFWS	United States Fish and Wildlife Service
USGCRP	U.S. Global Change Research Program
USGK	Utstredni Sprava Geodezie a Kartografie (Czechoslovakia)
USGPO	United States Government Printing Office
USGS	United States Geological Survey
USGS-MP	United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park
USLS	United States Lake Survey
USMC	United States Marine Corps
USNBS	United States National Biological Survey
USN	United States Navy
USNCHC	United States National Committee on Scientific Hydrology
USNC-ICA	United States National Committee for the ICA
USNO	United States Naval Observatory
USNOS	United States National Ocean Service (or Survey)
USPLSS	U.S. Public Land Survey System
USPS	United States Postal Service
USR	Universal Space Rectangular (coordinate system)
USSCS	United States Soil Conservation Service
UST	Underground storage tank
UT	Unit terminator; Universal Time; Unorganized territory; Utah
UTC	Universal Time Coordinated; Urban Traffic Control System (Siemans)
UTM	Universal transverse Mercator
UUG	Utstredni Ustav Geologicky
UURI	Univ. of Utah Research Inst.
UV	Ultraviolet; Unit value
UW	Univ. of Washington
UWM	Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison
UVMap	Urban VMap
UWCL	Univ. of Wisconsin Cartography Laboratory (Madison)
U-2	A high altitude remote sensing aircraft

V Return to Index

V	Volt
VA	Visual accumulation
VABM	Vertical angle elevation bench mark
VACP	Virtual active control point
VARIS	Virginia Resources Information System
VAS	Virginia Assn. of Surveyors
VBA	Visual Basic for Applications
Vbf	Verschriebebahnhof
VCGI	Vermont Center for Geographic Information
VCR	Video cassette recorder
VDMR	Virginia Div. of Mineral Resources
VDOT	Virginia Dept. of Transportation
VDSL	Very-high speed Digital Subscriber Line
VDT	Video display terminal
VDU	Video display unit
VEN'D	Brick veneered building
VFC	Vector Function Chainer
VFR	Visual Flight Rules; Vector Relational Format
VGA	Video Graphics Array; Video Graphics Adaptor
VGS	Vermont Geological Survey
V/H	Vertical over height ratio
VHF	Very high frequency
VHRR	Very high resolution radiometer
VICAR	Video Information Communication and Retrieval (JPL software)
VICMAP	Victoria Dept. of Crown Lands and Survey
VIMSARS	Video image map storage and retrieval system
ViSC	Visualization in Scientific Computing
VISG	Visual Information Services Group
VISION	Visual Information System Integrating our Neighborhoods (Columbus, Ohio)
VITD	VPF Interim Terrain Data
VITec	Visual Information Technologies Inc.
VLBI	Very long baseline interferometric (or interferometry)
VLC	Volcano
VLSI	Very large scale integration
VMap	Vector Smart Map
VMS	Voyage Management Sytem
VNP	Voyageurs National Park
Vobf	Vorbahnhof
VOC	Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie
V.P.	Vertical pipe or stand pipe
VP	Vector program
VPASS	Video Processor and Sync Separator
VPF	Vector Product Format
VPF/PS	Vector Product Format/Production System
VRML	Virtual Reality Mock-up (or Mark-up or Modeling) Language
VRP	Vector-to-raster processor
VSEGEI	Vsesoiuznnoi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Geologicheskii Institut (USSR)
VSLS	Vermont Society of Land Surveyors
VTD	Voting district
VTIR	Visible and Thermal Infrared Radiometer
VTR	Video tape recording
VTRAK	Vector-to-raster conversion software
VVK	Verwaltung Vermessungs und Kartenwesen

W Return to Index

w	westlich
W	Westen
WA	Washington (State)
WAAS	Wide area augmentation system (or sites)
WAC	World Aeronautical Chart
WACMA	Western Australia Central Map Agency
WADGPS	Wide Area Differential GPS
WADM	Dept. of Mines Western Australia
WAGAP	Washington Gap Analysis Program
WAIS	Wide-area Information Server (or Service or System); Western Antarctic Ice Sheet
WALIS	Western Australian Land Information System
WAML	Western Assn. of Map Libraries
WAML IB	Western Assn. of Map Libraries Information Bulletin
WAN	Wide area network
WAT	Weighted-average toxicity
WB	World Bank
WBVTR	Wide-band video tape recorder
WCB	Workshop Certification Board (ACSM)
WCCS	Washington Council of County Surveyors
WCMC	World Conservation Monitoring Center
WCRP	World Climate Research Program
WCS	World Construction Set (Questar Productions)
WDBII	World Data Base II
WDDES	World Digital Database for Environmental Science (ICA/IGU)
WDG	Washington Dept. of Game
WDGER	Washington Div. of Geology and Earth Resources
Wdlg.	Widerlager
W.D.M.C.	War Dept. Map Collection (U.S.)
WDMS	Watershed Data Management System
WDNR	Washington Dept. of Natural Resources
WDOE	Washington Dept. of Ecology
WEF	Water Environment Federation
WELU	Western Energy Land Use Team
WET	Wetland Evaluation Technique
WFPLS	Western Federation of Professional Land Surveyors
WFPS	Western Federation of Professional Surveyors
W.G.	Wired glass skylight
WGMG	Working Group on Map Generalization (ICA)
WGNHS	Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
WGS	World Geodetic System; World Geodetic Survey
WGS 84	World Geodetic System of 1984
W.H.	Wirtshaus = public house, inn
WIC	Westindische Compagnie
WIMS	Weather Information Management System
WIS	Watershed Information System
WISCLAND	Wisconsin Initiative for Statewide Cooperation on Landscape Analysis and Data
WISE	Women Investigating Sciences and Environment (Univ. of Nebraska)
WLIA	Wisconsin Land Information Society
WLS	Weighted least squares
WLU	World Land-use Survey
WMATA	Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
WMC	Western Mapping Center (USGS)
WMD	Water management district
.WMF	Windows Metafile Format
WMO	World Meteorological Organization
WMS	Washington (D.C.) Map Society; Work Management System; World Mapping System; World Market Strategies Ltd.
WNRO	GPS Week Number Roll Over
WNS	West northwest
WO	Welsh Office
WOM	Web Object Management
WORM	Write Once, Read Many
WP	Word processor
WPCF	Water Pollution Control Federation
.WPG	WordPerfect Graphic format
WPU	Wilayah Pembangunan Utama
WQM	Water quality monitor
WR	Water Resources; Western Region
WRAP	Western Regional Applications Program (NASA)
WRCB	Water Resources Control Board
WRD	Water Resources Div. (USGS); Water Resources Dept.
WRI	Water Resources Investigation
WRIDS	Wildland Resources Information Display System
WRIR	Water Resources Investigation Report
WRIS	Wildland Resources Information System
WRRI	Water Resources Research Inst.
WRS	World Reference System (Landsat)
WRSIC	Water Resources Scientific Information Center
WS	Work station
WSC	Water Survey of Canada
WSLD	Western Samoa Lands and Survey Dept.
WSLS	Wisconsin Society of Land Surveyors
WSM	Widener Surveying and Mapping (Firm)
WSP	Water-supply Paper
WSPS	Western Society of Professional Surveyors
WSU	Washington State Univ.
WSUCSC	Washington State Univ. Computing Service Center
WSW	West southwest
W.T.	Water tank; Washington Territory
WTCD	Deltaic watercourse
WTUSM	Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping
WVALS	West Virginia Assn. of Land Surveyors
WVGES	West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey
WVS	World Vector Shoreline (USDMA)
WVSPLUS	World Vector Shoreline Plus
WWW	World Wide Web
WY	Wyoming
WYSDOT	Washington State Dept. of Transportation
WYSIWYG	What you see is what you get

X Y Z Return to Index

XML	eXtensible Markup Language
XWD	X-Window screen dump
Y2K	Year 2000 (problem)
Z., A.	Alexander Zakreski
ZGI	Zentrales Geologisches Institut (German Democratic Republic)
ZGS	Zambia Geological Survey Dept.
ZLI	Zia Landform Images
ZPS	ZEH plotting software
ZRC	Znanstvenoraziskovalni Center (Slovenske Akademije Znanosti in Umetnosti)
ZS	Zambia Survey Dept.
ZTS	Zoom Transfer Scope

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