Size:
People          Size Gallons

2 or fewer    23-36
2-4           36-46
3-5           46-56
5 or more     60-80
If you have a large whirlpool bathtub you should add 25 gallon tank. 
Residential Gas - Water Heaters -  The Home Depot

The standard bathtub, which measures 60 inches long by 30 inches wide, holds approximately 35 to 50 gallons of water. Larger units, such as whirlpool tubs, soaking tubs or freestanding tubs, hold approximately 60 to 80 gallons of water. Spa or corner tubs typically hold 70 to 120 gallons of water.

a 10-minute shower consumes approximately 25 to 50 gallons of water or more, depending on the type of showerhead used.

Low flow shower heads will reduce the amount of hot water needed.
An older style shower head (pre 1992) can demand from 6 to 8 gallons per minute (GPM) of flow rate. A newer shower head (after 1992) usually uses 2.2 GPM.

You can increase the capacity of a tank by add an on-demand electric heater at the tank. This can increase the capacity up to 45% .
See Eemax AutoBooster

Links:
Buying Guide for Different Types of Water Heaters at The Home Depot
Residential Gas - Water Heaters -  The Home Depot


Drain (Flush) Hot Water Tank
Some places say every year others say
Draining and flushing water heater is rarely necessary unless your water quality is poor or you have a well or a water catchment system.
Crud buildup can make it less efficient. I had not flushed my hot water tank in Davis sice I'd been there 5 years. It was 19 years old and the Gas Controller broke. It was draining so slowly we had to put it in as water was coming out the opening for the thermostat.
I took me 3 days to drain it.
After draining I let some 30% vinegar sit in the bottom overnight to break down and dissolve hard mineral sediment (like calcium and lime). One place says if it hasen't been flushed for 4 years don't flush it. Some material may have sealed small crack in the wall.

Links:
Should you flush your water heater | Plumbing 101
Everything You Need to Know About Your Water Heater's Anode Rod

last updated 22 Aug 2025