2nd Amendment - The Right to Bear Arms
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Supreme Court Decisions

United States v. Miller (1939)

An Arkansas federal district court charged Jack Miller and Frank Layton with violating the National Firearms Act of 1934 ("NFA") when they transported a sawed-off double-barrel 12-gauge shotgun in interstate commerce. Miller and Layton argued that the NFA violated their Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms.
The Supreme Court reversed the district court in a unanimous decision, holding that the Second Amendment does not guarantee an individual the right to keep and bear a sawed-off double-barrel shotgun. Writing for the unanimous Court, Justice James Clark McReynolds reasoned that because possessing a sawed-off double barrel shotgun does not have a reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well-regulated militia, the Second Amendment does not protect the possession of such an instrument

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) - Firearms in the home (Wash. DC)

In 2002, Robert A. Levy, a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute, began vetting plaintiffs for a planned Second Amendment lawsuit that he would personally finance.
In February 2003, six residents of Washington, D.C. filed a lawsuit in the District Court for the District of Columbia, challenging the constitutionality of provisions of the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975, a local law (part of the District of Columbia Code). This law restricted residents from owning handguns.

It challenged the law in federal enclaves like the District of Columbia and did not apply to the states.

The Court ruled 5 to 4 a total ban on operative handguns in the home is unconstitutional.
See: Wikipedia

Second Amendment rights in the states was addressed later by McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen - June 2022 - Strikes Down New York Law Limiting Guns in Public

the court ruled 6-3 that states with strict limits on carrying guns in public violate the Second Amendment.

This followed 2 high profile mass shooting in May 2022: Buffalo, NY - 10 people killed in a racist shooting at a at Tops Market.
Uvalde, TX - 21 people killed at the Robb Elementary school. 19 children and two teachers.

Buckley v. Valeo, (1975) - Campaign financing

Question: Did the limits placed on electoral expenditures by the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971 and provisions in the 1974 Amendment, violate the First Amendment's freedom of speech and association clauses?
Parties: Senator James L. Buckley (NY) and others sued Francis Valeo, the Secretary of the Senate an ex officio member of the Federal Elections Comission (FEC).
Decision: 7 votes for Buckley, 1 vote(s) against.
The Court found that governmental restriction of independent expenditures in campaigns e.g. "political action committees," (PACs), the limitation on expenditures by candidates from their own personal or family resources, and the limitation on total campaign expenditures did violate the First Amendment.